No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Kidney stones consist of various chemical compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms for the formation of crystal mineral oxalate are not clear. In this field of study, there are many theories including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of crystals .The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace mineral elements have been previously reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the sodium meta silica gel medium (SMS) provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vitro). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, growth parameters within the different chemical environments are identified. The author has reported the growth of urinary crystals such as CHP, SHP, BHP and AHP. In the present study, SrNH 4 MgHPO 4 (Strontium Ammonium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate) crystals have been grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reductions. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out such as FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM and etching and the results are reported.

Calcium phosphates and oxalates are the most frequently observed bio-mineral phases. Many kinetics studies have been carried out on their crystal formation and dissolution in supersaturated and under saturated solutions, respectively. Major parameters include supernatant solution concentration, ionic strength, pH, temperature and solid surface behaviors. The growth of the calcium phosphate phases such as di-calcium phosphate di-hydrate (DCPD), octa-calcium phosphate (OCP), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and fluorapatite (FAP) crystals are observed. The ability of a surface to nucleate mineral phases is closely related to the magnitude of the interfacial energies. CaSeHPO 4 crystals are grown in laboratory growth environments by the author in agar gel medium. Many characterization studies are done using grown crystals, such as FTIR, TGA/DTA, etching, SEM and XRD of the grown crystals are carried out and the results are reported.