No abstract

Chondrules, in the Chainpur meteorite were studied to determine trace-elemental sitings by means of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). One of those, a porphyritic pyroxene-type chondrule, revealed to have an extremely high concentration of lead. The lead concentration tends to be very localized around a spot of about 70 pm with a maximum concentration of 5 wt%. Further studies of the same sample revealed other spots of this kind in another type of chondrule. The porphyritic chondrule was also studied with an electron probe to obtain a better picture of this strange inclusion. This measurement showed that the lead is concentrated in even smaller grains of about 2-4 urn in size, incorporated in a glassy groundmass together with enstatite grains. Lead concentrations in these grains are about 50 wt%. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and additional PIXE measurements were done to exclude terrestrial origin of the lead compound. Industrial lead contains up to 6 wt% antimony, but none was found here with PIXE. Uranium and thorium were not found either above the detection limits of 5 and 18 ppm, respectively. The isotopic ratios of the lead isotopes are significantly different from those of common lead. Very convincing is the fact that the isotopic ratios fall in the same ball park as the ratios found in other meteorites of the same kind. This very strongly suggests that contamination can be ruled out. Assuming the single-stage model to be valid for this kind of meteorite, the ratio p = 204Pb/238U is determined from the zo7Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb diagram and found to be around 6.5. Because no uranium was found in concentrations suggested by this ratio, it is likely that a recent metamorphic event separated the lead from its source region. A probable source region could be the troilite-rich rim which surrounds the chondrule. A candidate for the recent metamorphic event is the collisional break-up of the parent body of the meteorite, roughly 500-650 Myr ago.

(FATF) stelt dat witwassers groepsgewijs kunnen opereren in professionele witwasnetwerken. Professioneel verwijst daarbij naar het tegen vergoeding leveren van diensten op het gebied van witwassen, en netwerken naar het onderling uitbesteden of gebruik maken van de benodigde expertise. Of zulke witwasnetwerken ook in Nederland opereren, is uit het FATF-rapport niet op te maken. In dit artikel wordt daarom gekeken in hoeverre professionele witwassers in Nederland netwerken vormen en in welke mate zij bedrijfsmatig te werk gaan. Bedrijfsmatigheid is hierbij vertaald als betrokkenheid bij meerdere zaken, aantal terugkerende contacten en afwezigheid van familiale relaties. Gebruik makend van politieregistraties zijn daartoe de contacten van 236 professionele witwassers geanalyseerd. Op basis van de resultaten van deze analyses kan worden geconcludeerd dat ook in Nederland professionele witwasnetwerken actief zijn. Binnen de groep professionele witwassers zijn verder verschillen in de mate van bedrijfsmatigheid te onderkennen. Een kanttekening is wel dat de geanalyseerde politieregistraties hoofzakelijk drugsdelicten betreffen. Het blijft daarmee onbekend in hoeverre er bij andere typen delicten (zoals bijvoorbeeld fraude) sprake is van vergelijkbare witwasnetwerken.

During many years a growing group of researchers has been involved in the study of meteorites. Meteorites are the only objects originating from the solar system in its early stage and accessible to detailed research. Research on meteorites has been done with a wide variety of analytical techniques for the investigation of their chemical composition, structure and texture, presence of isotopic anomalies, radioactivity and so on. Since the development of the nuclear microprobe, this instrument also has been and is used as a probe for the investigation of meteorites. In this contribution, results of the ongoing research with the nuclear microprobe on meteorites is described.

No abstract