resUmen Introducción: el metilmercurio(meHg) es el compuesto orgánico del mercurio más abundante en el medio ambiente. éste, es un potente neurotóxico, capaz de atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica y placentaria. incluso a niveles bajos, puede originar alteraciones en el snC que afectan a los procesos del desarrollo feto- infantil. La principal fuente de exposición a meHg es la ingestión de pescado contaminado. Objetivos: La Us ePa (agencia de protección del medio ambiente Usa) recomendaba unos niveles de meHg en pelo de 1 µg/g, mientras que la JeFsa (Fao/oms) establecía unos niveles de seguridad de meHg en pelo de 2,2 µg/g. dado que españa es un gran consumidor de pescado y la vulnerabilidad fetal e infantil al meHg, se proyectó este estudio de meHg en cabello de población infantil de la Comunidad de madrid. Material y Métodos: Participaron 472 niños, categorizados por edades de: 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 y mayor de 15 y por frecuencia de consumo de pescado semanal (clasificación basada en un cuestionario individualizado de cuatro opciones: no consumidores, consumen 1-2 veces/ semana, consumen 3-4 v/s, consumen más de 4 v/s). Los análisis se hicieron por espectroscopía de absorción atómica y vapor frio. Resultados: del estudio estadístico con sPss, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas, en los niveles de meHg en pelo, entre los que consumen mas de 4v/s y los que no consumen (0,68 vs 2,34 µg/g). Las medianas obtenidas para las distintas categorías de edad fueron: 0,53 µg/g, 1,01µg/g, 1,56 µg/g y 0,93 µg/g. Discusión: en estudios similares se establece que con bajo o ningún consumo de pescado los valores de mercurio en pelo son inferiores a 0,5 µg/g. Por el contrario, en españa, por tener una dieta rica en consumo de pescado, los niveles de mercurio son superiores con una concentración mínima superior a esa cifra. Conclusión: el estudio concluye que, al menos un 2,5% de la población infantil de la Cam, excede los límites de seguridad recomendados por la JeFsa (Fao/oms) y aproximadamente un 30% supera los límites de seguridad para el meHg en pelo establecidos por la Us ePa.PaLaBras CLave: mercurio, metilmercurio, Cabello, niños, Pescado. Methylmercury in the hair of a children population sUmmarY:Introduction: the methylmercury (meHg) is the most abundant organic compound of mercury in the environment. this is a strong neurotoxic which is able to cross the blood-brain and the placental barriers. even at low levels, it can originate alterations in the brain that affect the processes of the fetus - children development. the main source of meHg is the intake of contaminated fish. Objectives: the ePa (Us environmental Protection agency) recommended meHg levels in hair of 1 µg/g, while the JeCFa (Fao / oms) established safety levels of meHg in hair of 2,2 µg/g. this study of meHg in hair was carried out in the region of madrid's young population because spain is a great fish consumer, and due to the fetal and children vulnerability to meHg. Material and methods: 472 children participated, they were categorized by age and by ...
The underpinning of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is valvular dysfunction, which manifests on a spectrum depending on the severity of insufficiency and duration of the disease. The mainstay of treatment relies on compression therapy of a proper type and intensity. In older adults, special consideration must be taken during the patient encounter to account for age-related factors. This review discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and mimicking of CVI, focusing mainly on older adults. The epidemiology, risk factors, disease burden, and grave complications -such as thrombosis and ulceration, are reviewed. The physiological impacts of CVI are described, providing the background for treatment strategies, including non-invasive, medical, and surgical therapies. The findings show advanced age to be an important risk factor contributing to CVI and that other age-related factors add to the risk of severe complications. Clinical assessments combined with objective measurements that assess localized skin water using tissue dielectric constant values or whole limb assessments may aid in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of action of compression therapy, the mainstay of CVI treatment, and its physiological impacts, allows for its informed use in geriatric patients with increased risks of potential compression-related side effects.
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