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In this work the dynamic thermoelastic response of a slab with finite thickness subjected to aerodynamic heating is investigated. The system of generalized governing equations with generalized initial and boundary conditions is solved by the method of finite integral transformation, and the analytic expressions of the transient temperature and dynamical stresses in the slab are obtained. The finite integral transformation method shows its advantage and convenience to deal with the complex boundary conditions of a dynamic thermoelastic problem. Moreover, by introducing the aerodynamic heating and taking into account a typical Mach number curve for hypersonic flight, the analytical solution is obtained to simulate the dynamic thermoelastic response of the slab in hypersonic flight environment. Calculations are carried out for zirconium diboride to obtain transient temperature and dynamical stresses induced by aerodynamic heating. Nomenclature= coefficients in the Vz; t expression c p = specific heat at constant pressure c v = specific heat at constant volume E = Young's modulus Fz = initial temperature distribution f i t = thermal load, i 1, 2 gz; t = volumetric heat source function k = thermal conductivity l = slab thickness M 1 = Mach number of the freestream N n , N m = norm q h = heat transfer due to aerodynamic heating q c = heat transfer due to active cooling R, = part of temperature distribution r = recovery factor T = temperature distribution T r = recovery temperature T 1 = temperature of the freestream T c = temperature of the coolant t = time W = integral transformation of W W, V = part of displacement in the z direction w = displacement in the z direction z, x, y = Cartesian coordinates = coefficient of linear thermal expansion n , m = eigenvalue = changed temperature above initial condition = ratio of specific heats = thermal diffusivity , = Lame's constant = Poisson's ratio = density , " = stress and strain = velocity of irrotational wave i = heat transfer coefficient, i 1, 2 = integral transformation of ' n z, m z = eigenfunction