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PT WACO ENGINERING INDONESIA is one of the major Asian OIL & GAS companies engaged in the fabrication and construction of offshore supporting industrial buildings such as FPSO Topsides Modules, E-Houses, Sub-Stations, Compressor Packages and Process Equipment Integrator Modules, which are in KM 5, Tanjung Uncang – Batam. Which includes thousands of employees, both staff/officer workers and non-staff workers or field workers. Workers as one of the resources that are a supporting factor in advancing a company have the right to welfare, health, and work safety. The large number of workers who have direct contact with production machines, heavy work tools, solid materials such as steel and the surrounding work area has the potential for work accidents that can threaten the health and safety of employees. Thus, it is important for companies to implement a K3 (Occupational Health and Safety) management system to reduce the risk of work accidents. Researchers made this research to minimize occupational risks and hazards and increase workers' awareness of Occupational Health and Safety. In this study, the Certainty Factor method will be applied in the framework of making an expert system application that can process uncertainty data from facts and symptoms by presenting large data and calculation needs. The application of this method is expected to identify work risks and hazards at work area points and increase workers' awareness of the risks and hazards that can befall each worker.

The issue of debt versus equity classification for hybrid securities has been a source of continuing controversy for tax policy-makers and financial accounting standard setters. A large number of corporations have issued hybrid financial instruments which possess the characteristics of both debt and equity. One of the most common examples of hybrid financial instruments is convertible debt. Issuers of convertible debt were motivated by a desire to raise capital that would be attractive to the capital markets while at the same time exploit tax or reporting rules. For instance, the issuer of convertible debt is allowed a tax deduction for interest expense even though the convertible debt instrument may later be converted to equity, thus avoiding repayment of principal at maturity. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows the issuer a tax deduction for interest expense, while requiring the holder to recognize taxable interest income. However, the IRS and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have considered treating convertible debt according to its underlying economic substance and ultimate outcome as opposed to treating it strictly as debt. If the IRS, the FASB, or both were to move towards an economic substance approach with respect to convertible debt, what implications would this have on the issuers and holders of convertible debt? This article speculates on changes in tax and reporting rules for convertible debt and analyzes the potential impact of such changes on the treatment of distributions from convertible debt. Our analysis shows that if convertible debt were treated as equity and its distributions no longer eligible for interest expense deductions, issuers would experience a decrease in cash flow from operations due to the presumed increase in tax liability. Conversely, holders of convertible debt may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.