ABSTRACT. Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that is characterized by high morbidity and poor prognosis. Studies suggest that an individual's genetic background affects the risk of developing lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer. We recruited 308 primary lung cancer patients as subjects and 253 healthy adults as controls. After extraction of DNA from blood samples, gene polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTP1, ERCC2, XRCC1, and XRCC3 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequencies of the genotypes in both groups were investigated to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and correlation analysis was carried out. The analysis results showed that the following polymorphisms were correlated with susceptibility to lung cancer: rs4646903 in CYP1A1 (P < 2 H.X. Liu et al.Genetics and Molecular Research 15 (4): gmr15048813 0.001), rs1048943 in CYP1A1 (P < 0.001), rs1695 in GSTP1 (P < 0.05), rs13181 in ERCC2 (P < 0.001), and rs25487 in XRCC1 (P < 0.05); no such correlation existed in rs861539 in XRCC3 (P > 0.05). The study revealed that the more high-risk gene polymorphisms a patient carries, the greater the risk of developing lung cancer. Carriers of rs4646903 in CYP1A1, rs1048943 in CYP1A1, rs1695 in GSTP1, rs13181 in ERCC2, and rs25487 in XRCC1 are more likely to develop lung cancer.