No abstract

Penile carcinoma is an uncommon urological tumour and provides an opportunity for curation on early stage of the disease. Nodal metastases are one of the most important prognostic factors for survival although detection of inguinal adenopathies could be related with an inflammatory or infectious etiology. A suspicion of bilateral metastasic nodal involvement should be taken with caution. Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy has been associated to a great deal of complications. Several anatomical studies have reported the true lymphatic drainage pathways in order to reduce the area of groin dissection. Nonetheless, a prophylactic modified inguinal lymphadenectomy should not be a systematic surgical procedure in all patients due to morbidity and questioned usefulness when there are not nodal metastasis. Classical imaging studies have a limited contribution to the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. Nowadays, lymph node involvement may be diagnosed both minimally invasive and noninvasive techniques, such as dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in intermediate and high risk patients with nonpalpable lymph nodes, and fine needle aspiration biopsy in cases with palpable nodes. Their high effectiveness has facilitated the radical pelvic or inguinal lymphadenectomy that is only performed when there is histological confirmation of nodal involvement. A new video endoscopic technique has been developed at present to reduce postoperative complications although prospective studies are needed to assess outcomes. The appearance of adenopathies after surgical treatment of the primary tumour could be supported at the same guidelines. An inguinal lymphadenectomy should be carried out in selected patients to support a benefit on early stages with an extended survival.

New reading and interpretation of a Celtiberian stele from the second half of the 2nd century BC found in Langa de Duero (Soria): retukeno esto ÿeltis, "of Retugenos be it the stele". The archaic inscription, itself apparently shaped as an axe, features an axe at the beginning of the word ke.l.ti.s 'stele' (*kel-ti-s) and may have been commemorating the famous Numantian leader 8Rhtogénhj, called Karaúnioj 'Lovable'. Note the imperative without suffixed subject pronoun and its still preserved -oº #.El presente trabajo colectivo propone una nueva interpretación de la inscripción celtibérica sobre estela de piedra caliza procedente de Langa de Duero (Soria), cuya lectura, desde su descubrimiento en 1928, ha resultado problemática dado que uno de los signos existentes en el epígrafe era identificado como una letra 1 , correspondiendo, por el contrario, a un símbolo 2 probablemente alusivo al estatus del personaje al que está dedicada la pieza.

Se estudia la utilidad de la ecografía en el control de 144 gestantes diabéticas desde un triple sentido: Control del crecimiento del feto, diagnóstico prenatal de malformaciones congénitas y diagnóstico del grado de bienestar fetal. En el diagnóstico prenatal de recién nacidos grandes para su edad gestacional los ultrasonidos diagnosticaron correctamente 23 de 30 casos (76.6%), con un índice de falsos positivos del 23.3% y de falsos negativos del 7%. En los casos de crecimiento intrauterino retardado la ecografía detectó los 4 casos existentes (100%), con un índice de falsos positivos de 33.3%, sin que existieran falsos negativos. Todos los casos de malformaciones congénitas mayores correspondientes a microcefalia, mielomeningocele occipital, hipoplasia de colon izquierdo y síndrome de Meckel-Gruber (disencefalia esplacno-quística), fueron diagnosticados prenatalmente mediante ultrasonidos.