European pork supply chains, like other agri-food supply chains, currently face numerous challenges such as globalization, emerging markets, changing consumer requirements, and new governmental regulations related to issues such as environmental pollution and food safety. These challenges require continuous innovation of supply chain network structures, reconsideration of business processes, relocation of logistics infrastructures and renewed allocation of chain activities to these infrastructures in order to achieve sustainable performances. This paper presents a scenario analysis of the spatial allocation of pork supply chain activities in Europe. Supply chain production and distribution activities are optimized in various scenarios based on economic and sustainability performance indicators. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which includes piglet production, fattening, slaughtering of pigs, processing of pork and pork consumption, is used to analyse the scenarios. The results reveal major opportunities for reductions in cost as well as in CO2 equivalent emissions if a European sector perspective is taken and some chain activities are relocated to other countries. However, as minimizing costs will not always lead to an optimal reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions, a differentiated strategy is needed for the European pork sector to move towards more sustainable production.

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The target of the Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for halving per capita food loss and waste (FLW) by 2030. During the past decade, the reduction of FLW gained much attention from research in its context of food security and environmental impact. Worldwide, in developed and less developed countries governments and supply chain stakeholders are putting in effort to achieve this goal along supply chains and across product categories. What can be learned from these efforts? In this paper interventions to reduce FLW are discussed, with a focus on Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia -countries with high losses in early stages of food value chains. Interventions are characterized, structured and evaluated based on literature and a framework is presented to evaluate their effectiveness and context appropriateness to prevent FLW at the local, regional, and national levels, by focusing on factors determining the likelihood of an FLW-reducing intervention being successfully adopted. This paper illustrates the framework using four case studies from Nigeria, Benin, and Indonesia. An important consideration for FLW interventions within the LMIC context, is the observation that economic drivers are predominant over other considerations on feasibility and implementation. This publication is intended to support the scientific and practitioners' communities as well as governmental organisations with insights on the design of interventions within the setting of LMICs.

Livestock products are increasingly important in Bangladeshi diets. In developing countries including Bangladesh, the consumption of beef, mutton and chicken products grew with 5.8% per year over the last decade. In 2011 the amount of food loss and waste (FLW) for meat produced and consumed in South and Southeast Asia was estimated at 20% of the initial production. The FLW of beef in this region leads to 64,983,911 tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually, which makes beef one of the hotspots for GHG emissions worldwide. In order to increase the amounts of food that reaches consumers, it is relevant to study where at various links of supply chains FLW takes place. FLW studies for beef in Bangladesh are scarce. An opportunity for the beef supply chain in Bangladesh is to work towards reducing food losses at various links of the chain. Understanding the flow of food to and within the metropolitan areas and the interaction between food producers, logistics service providers, wholesalers and retailers, and the various actors is necessary to facilitate the development of a secure, sustainable and resilient food system for the megacities. This beef value chain analysis in Bangladesh is performed as a first step with the aim to develop a strategic action agenda on the beef supply chain for the four city corporations in Dhaka. The ultimate goal is to decrease food loss and waste (FLW) with 5% and increase food availability. This value chain analysis focusses on the (post-) harvest supply chain till and including retail and processing.The analysis of the beef value chain is drafted based upon data and information gathered in a literature study, workshop conducted with multiple actors in the supply chain and extensive interviews conducted with individual actors in the supply chain. The interviewees included agricultural producers, intermediaries and truck drivers in Dhaka, Narayanganj, Pabna, Sirajgonj and Faridpur districts, and wholesalers, retailers, mobile vendors, institutional users and abattoirs located in Dhaka North, Dhaka South, Narayanganj and Gazipur city corporation area.Part of the live cattle and part of the beef cannot be sold and do not go to the intended market. The losses for agricultural producers are estimated at 8% for breeding cattle, 21% of the calves and 2% of the fattening cattle. The main reasons for losses of live cattle at producer level are high mortality rates due to stillborn, weak calves, illnesses and diseases. At intermediary level the losses are estimated at 15%, and mortality of the fattening cattle happen due to diseases or illnesses, or due to injuries during transportation. Wholesalers and retailers process live cattle into beef and the actors indicated that between 60-80% of the carcass can be used for human consumption. Losses that occurred due to the slaughtering and processing activity were overall less than 5% and often occurred due to bad work accuracy of the employees or a bad quality of the meat. However, often this part of the beef can still be sold on the urban food ...

De totale omvang van voedselverspilling in Nederland in 2020 was 2.811 kiloton, oftewel 161 kilogram per hoofd van de bevolking. Dit is een hogere omvang in vergelijking met eerdere rapportages, over 2019 was 88-136 kilogram per hoofd van de bevolking gerapporteerd. Over 2020 wordt voor het eerst de geharmoniseerde Europese definitie van voedselverspilling