Background and aims: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, and students are more predisposed to depression than other populations. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the mean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21. Methods: The search was carried out using keywords Depression, Student, DASS-21 and Iran in domestic databases, including SID, Medlib, IranMedex, Irandoc, and Magiran. Data were analyzed using a meta-analysis (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was studied using the I2 index. Data were analyzed using the Stata software version 11. DASS-21 had been used in all reviewed studies. Results: The sample size was 3229 people included in 17 studies. The mean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21 was 9.30 (95% CI: 12.57-6.03), 8.90 in female students (95% CI: 4.50-13.29) and 8.45 in male students (95% CI: 4.03-12.86). The mean scores of anxiety and stress in students were 8.58 (95% CI: 5.95-12.86) and 9.91 (95% CI: 11.28-8.54), respectively. Conclusion: The mean depression score is higher in female students than in male students, and the mean score of stress is slightly higher than those of anxiety and depression.

No abstract

Background & Aim:Recent studies indicate the importance of early childhood in future development of the child. The attachment between mother and child is the beginning of development in many cognitive and social areas. The threat of this mutual relationship negatively impacts the child's ability for communication with outside world. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of family-centered intervention based on Quinn Program on preschool children attachment. Methods:The research method in this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest follow-up design and control group. The study population consisted of all mothers of 5-yearold children in kindergartens of district 3 of Tehran between 2017-2018. Among them, 80 mothers were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 40 individuals. The research instrument was child attachment security questionnaire of attachment Q-set (1987). The experimental group was subjected to 17 sessions of 90-minute training with Quinn program. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with repeated measures. Results: The research showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference in average attachment scores between two experimental and control groups, while after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean of attachment scores in two groups (p<0.01). Conclusion:This intervention had a significant effect on the attachment of preschool children, so it is suggested that counselors and therapists to use this family-centered method based on Quinn program in order to improve the children attachment.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a disorder of the nervous system that causes many physical and mental changes in a person. Aim: The present study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in improving rumination, perceived stress, and loneliness in women with multiple sclerosis. Method: This was a clinical trial with pre-tests, post-tests, and follow-ups with a control group. All women aged 20 to 40 who referred to the MS Association of Sanandaj in the spring and summer of 2019 were included in the study. We randomly divided 40 women with MS into two experimental and control groups based on available sampling. Based on available sampling, we randomly divided 40 women with MS into two experimental and control groups. Research tools included Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) Rumination Response Scales, Cohen's (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and Russell et al.'s (1978) California Loneliness Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance with the help of SPSS version 24 software. Results: The findings showed that mindfulness-based therapy was effective in improving the amount of rumination, perceived stress, and loneliness in both the post-test and follow-up phases in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based therapy is an effective method in improving rumination, perceived stress, and feelings of loneliness in people with MS. It was MS, so it is suggested to be used in the treatment of people with MS.