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Treatment chemicals are used in all facets of the natural gas industry (NGI) from well development through transmission and storage of natural gas. The multitude of chemicals used, combined with the dozens of chemical manufacturers and/or suppliers has lead to the availability of hundreds of possible chemical products. Because of the widespread use of chemical products and their numerous sources, the NGI needs access to consistent data regarding their effectiveness and potential environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and potential environmental impacts of chemical products used in the NGI. This assessment was initially focused on biocides and corrosion inhibitors and their use in the gas production, storage and transmission facilities, The overall approach was to obtain the necessary data on chemical use and effectiveness directly from the oil and gas industry supplemented with data/information obtained from the published literature. Five case histories of chemical use were documented and evaluated to assess the effectiveness of these chemicals. Potential environmental impacts were addressed by performing a screening environmental assessment on the use of glutaraldehyde, a widely used biocide. Prototype discharge scenarios were formulated and modeled to evaluate potential impacts to groundwater and surface water. The paper describes the basis for the study, provides an overview of chemical use with a focus on biocides and corrosion inhibitors, describes and assesses the specific uses of chemicals, and presents the results of the environmental assessment. It was found that various chemicals can be effective in treating microbiologically influenced corrosion and souring, but that the effectiveness of specific chemicals is dependent on the operational scenario and the site-specific conditions. Results of the screening environmental assessment indicated that surface and groundwater impacts were not significant for the scenarios evaluated. P. 431

The natural gas industry (NGI) is comprised of operations required to provide clean, pipeline-quality gas to its consumers, from gas exploration and production through distribution. These operations produce waters and wastes that must be managed in accordance with applicable federal and state regulations. The objectives of this work were to develop representative profiles of the sources, types, quantities, and management of wastes generated by the NGI. This information was essential to the development and focus of several GRI research programs and for use by the NGI to assess their individual waste management/minimization programs. To accomplish this, data were gathered directly from over three dozen operating facilities in 11 states nationwide. These data included facility operations information, waste sources and types, waste volumes, and on- and off-site management practices (i.e., storage, treatment, transportation, and disposal, including waste minimization). Wastes were classified into categories to facilitate data analysis. Facility-specific waste source and generation rates were combined with nationwide industry statistics to estimate nationwide generation rates for the various waste categories. This paper will describe the basis for the work, and will present profiles developed for the sources and types of waste, waste volumes, and waste management practices. The discussion of waste management practices and their preferential use throughout the NGI will also illustrate the systematic use of waste minimization practices for the management of wastes by the NGI. Background The extractive nature of the NGI sets it apart from other industries in many ways. The generation and characteristics of many wastes are a direct function of the source and quality of the natural gas itself, and can be highly variable. Few opportunities are available to modify the "production method," and resulting generation and quality of wastes. The generation of certain wastes associated with operations/processes needed to produce pipeline quality gas also can be highly variable, as the volume and quality of these wastes also can be affected by the characteristics of the natural gas source. Cost-effective management of these wastes can be difficult to achieve, especially if they are not generated on a regular basis. P. 267