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From 1967 to 1990,96 previously untreated patients with cervicovaginal cancer associated with a history of vaginal pessary use to control uterovaginal prolapse were referred to eight radiation therapy departments in France. Sixty‐eight patients had cervical cancer, and 28 had vaginal cancer. The mean interval between pessary insertion and cancer diagnosis was 18 years, with a range of 1 to 41 years. Most patients received radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Few (5%) had Grade 3 treatment side effects. The overall 5‐year relative survival rate was 54%; nonsurvival was related to locoregional recurrence. Because almost all tumors occurred at the site of pessary insertion, foreign body chronic inflammation in association with viral infection may be the cause of the tumors.