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The energy resolution of a highly granular 1 m 3 analogue scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter is studied using charged pions with energies from 10 GeV to 80 GeV at the CERN SPS. The energy resolution for single hadrons is determined to be approximately 58%/ E/GeV. This resolution is improved to approximately 45%/ E/GeV with software compensation techniques. These techniques take advantage of the event-by-event information about the substructure of hadronic showers which is provided by the imaging capabilities of the calorimeter. The energy reconstruction is improved either with corrections based on the local energy density or by applying a single correction factor to the event energy sum derived from a global measure of the shower energy density. The application of the compensation algorithms to GEANT4 simulations yield resolution improvements comparable to those observed for real data.

Photonic packet switches offer high speed, data rate and format transparency, and flexihility required by future computer com munications and cell-based telecommunications networks. In this paper, we review experimental progress in state-of-the-art pho tonic packet switches with an emphasis on all-optical guided-wave systems. The term all-optical implies that the data portion of a packet remains in opticalformat from the source to the destination. While the data remain all-optical, both optical and optoelectronic techniques have been used to process packet routing functions based on extremely simple routing protocols. An overview of the design issues for all-optical photonic packet switching is given and contrasted with electronic packet switch implementations. Low-level functions that have heen experimentally implemented include routing, contention resolution, synchronization, and header regeneration. System level demonstrations. including centralized photonic switching and distributed all-optical multihop networks. will be reviewed. tonic switches provide both the high switching speeds and a transmission bandwidth compatible with the fiber-Manuscript

Four-wave mixing in wavelength-division-multiplexed soliton systems with damping and amplification is studied. An analytical model is introduced that explains the dramatic growth of the four-wave terms. The model yields a resonance condition relating the soliton frequency and the amplifier distance. It correctly predicts all essential features regarding the resonant growth of the four-wave contributions.

An analysis of an extensive sample of the world's data has been performed to test the hypothesis of radial scaling. We have studied the inclusive reactions p + p --+ (~* %~ or K * or p or 9) +anything to determine the behavior of the invariant cross section as a function of p,, x, = E*/E*,,,, the radial scaling variable, and s.The data cover a range in p, from 0.25 to -6.0 GeV/c and a range in d s from 3.0 to 63 GeV. For small x, and all available p, the single-particle inclusive cross sections for the reactions studied scale to a good approximation for all v ' s , even down to the kinematic threshold. For large x,, the single-particle inclusive cross sections for increasing d s show a rapid approach to the scaling limit from above. In these cases the scaling limit is always approached by v ' s z 10 GeV. Thus, data for all particles to a good approximation exhibit radial scaling at all available p, and x, over the CERN ISR energy range. A comparison of radial scaling with Feynman scaling is given. It is shown that in the Feynman case the cross sections for small xll ( x , , = p*,, /p*,.,) approach their scaling limit from below, and that the approach to the scaling limit is slower than is exhibited for the case of small x,. The systematic differences among the inclusive cross sections of various particles are discussed in the range of v ' s where radial scaling has been shown to be valid. In particular, the p, and x, distributions of E d v / d p 3 are examined.