An extensive study of a large, compact, disordered ensemble of plastic spheres of constant diameter, a fraction p of which has been metallically coated is reported. An initial discussion deals with the compactness and average connectivity z of the system. The electrical conductance for completely conducting samples (p=1) has been studied as a function of pressure applied uniaxially to the ends of a cylindrical container, and compared to that of individual contacts in test samples. Although the variation of conductivity with p is consistent with expectations for a site percolation problem, the idea of a simultaneous bond percolation must be introduced to take into account variations in the quality of the different contacts.
2014 On se place dans le cas où la surface de dimension d 2014 1, d'un milieu semi-infini de dimension d, est dopée avec une probabilité pS différente du dopage volumique pB. On peut imaginer que la percolation est possible même lorsque pS et pB sont simultanément inférieures l'une au seuil de percolation pour la dimension d 2014 1, l'autre au seuil de la dimension d. Nous donnons des arguments simples, confirmés en partie par une expérience Monte-Carlo, qui montrent que cet effet existe pour d = 3 et non pour d = 2. Nous discutons également le cas d'une ligne de défauts unidimensionnelle dans un réseau tridimensionnel. Abstract. 2014 If a (d 2014 1)-dimensional surface of a d-dimensional semi-infinite medium has a concentration pS different from the bulk concentration pB one may imagine that percolation is possible even if both pB and pS are below the dand (d 2014 1)-dimensional threshold, respectively. We give simple arguments, partly confirmed by Monte Carlo experiment, why this effect occurs for d = 3 but not for d = 2. We also discuss the case of a defect line immersed in a three-dimensional medium.
2014 Nous discutons le problème de percolation de liens de réseaux tridimensionnels anisotropes, caractérisés par le paramètre d'anisotropie, R = p~/p~. Un exposant de déplacement de seuil 2,3 ± 0,1 compatible avec l'exposant de la taille moyenne des amas à 2D est obtenu par simulation numérique. Une expression de la conductivité électrique au-dessus du seuil est établie de part et d'autre de la probabilité de « crossover » 3 à 2D. Cependant, près du seuil de percolation, les effets de taille anisotrope jouent un rôle crucial dans les expériences sur systèmes finis. Abstract. 2014 We have studied the bond percolation problem of 3D anisotropic networks characterized by the anisotropy parameter R = p~/p~.A threshold shift exponent, 2.3 ± 0.1, compatible with the exponent of the 2D clusters average size is obtained by a numerical simulation. An electrical conductivity expression above threshold is established on each side of the 3 to 2D crossover probability. However, near the percolation threshold, anisotropic size effects play a very important role in the finite network experiments.
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