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Synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) are replacing conventional measuring meters in modern power networks. The paradigm of grid monitoring has shifted to a wider area. This offers better monitoring, protection, and control of the overall power grid. This paper presents an approach for optimal placing of PMUs in constrained power grids using the binary integer programming technique. The proposed approach deals with four constraints: 1) observability of network, two cases of fully observable and partially observable networks are investigated; 2) conventional measurements, three cases of zero injection bus and injection measurement, conventional power flow measurement, and both injection and power flow measurement are considered; 3) failure of a single PMU or communication line; and 4) rate of failure of PMUs or communication line, two cases of low and high are considered. The proposed approach is tested on an IEEE 14-bus system, a 21-bus 400-kV real power system, and an IEEE 30-bus system. This study will help the power system planner to design an economical, efficient, and reliable monitoring system. Key words:Binary integer programming technique, constrained power system, failure of a single PMU, failure of a single communication line, optimal PMU placement

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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are considered as a promising tool for future monitoring, protection and control of power systems. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed in order to determine the optimal number and locations of PMUs to make the power system observable. The PMU placement problem is formulated as a binary integer linear programming, in which the binary decision variables (0, 1) determine where to install a PMU, preserving the system set observability, such as full or partial. The proposed approach integrates the impacts of both existing conventionalpower injection/flow measurements (if any) and the possible failure of single or multiple PMU / communication line into the decision strategy of the optimal PMU allocation. The network topology and hence network connectivity matrix remains unaltered for the inclusion of conventional measurements. Program is developed usingMatlabsoftware and is tested on sample seven-bus system and IEEE 14 bus system.

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