This paper presents an efficient pipeline architecture to perform gray-scale morphologic operations. The features of the architecture are 1) lower hardware cost, 2) faster operation time in processing an image. 3) lower data access times from the image memory, 4) shorter latency, 5) suitability for VLSI implementation, and 6 ) adaptability for N*N morphologic operations.

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Both advances in nanoscale fabrication and in-depth understanding to physical mechanisms tailoring radiative properties paved the way for a cryptographic system utilizing periodic nanostructures and their optical responses. Here we numerically demonstrated working principles and capabilities of the system with a representative nanostructure and its specular reflectance. The ciphertext was a binary surface-relief silver grating and a series of numbers, which contained the information of the sender’s signature and plaintext. Though principles were universal to everyone using the system, messages kept their security because keys could much vary among each communication and different keys were employed for encryption/decryption. The system thus guaranteed the confidentiality and authentication of a message while high-density information could be hidden and delivered with a tiny or even a virtual structure. This work also presented strategies enhancing the safety of the proposed cryptographic system.

Mid-Infrared radiative properties (absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance) of submicron gold slit arrays have been numerically studied with rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the finite difference time domain method. The slit width varies from 50 nm to 300 nm and a square feature may attach at either or both slit sides. Although the wavelength is one or two orders of magnitude longer than the side length of features, the attached nanoscale features can modify radiative properties significantly. Directional dependence on radiative properties has also been detail investigated by looking into electromagnetic fields and Poynting vectors of selected slit geometry. One possible physical mechanism, cavity resonance, account for unique radiative properties have been suggested and verified in the study as well.