Time domain spectroscopy in reflection mode has been used to determine complex reflection coefficient for 2-ethoxyethanol-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol-DMSO, and propan-1-ol-DMSO mixtures at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K, in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz. Further Fourier transform and least-squares fit methods have been used to obtain the complex permittivity, static dielectric constant, and relaxation time.

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The density and potential fluctuations were measured in hot-cathode biasing plasma at the Tohoku University Heliac. In the improved mode, high-frequency fluctuations (>100 kHz) appeared in the density signal. On the other hand, lowfrequency fluctuations (<100 kHz) in the density and potential signals were suppressed. The characteristics of high-frequency fluctuation were compared with three kinds of instability, and they were consistent with those of the flute instability driven by the supersonic poloidal rotation. The suppression of low-frequency fluctuations in improved mode is considered the effect of E × B poloidal rotation or its shear. The profile of the anomalous particle flux was estimated by analysing the low-frequency fluctuation signals. The flux decreased in the improved mode in most of the region, although the decrease in flux was small near the rational surface (n/m = 5/3).

An advanced probe measurement system consisting of high-speed Langmuir probes with a preamplifier and a Copper shield was designed and installed in TU-Heliac. Potential and density fluctuations were measured in the hot-cathode biased plasma, and power spectra were calculated using the complex Fourier transform. There were low frequency fluctuations ( f < 10 kHz), high frequency fluctuations (70 < f < 200 kHz) and sharp spectra applied for the plasma production (10 < f < 50 kHz). In the region above 200 kHz, the power decreased by a factor of 1/ f 2 for the potential fluctuation and 1/ f 2∼3 for the density fluctuation. The phase shift between potential and density fluctuations was almost 0 rad at ρ = 0.54. On the other hand, the phase shift was not 0 rad at ρ = 0.21, especially in the 100 ∼ 200 kHz region. The high frequency fluctuation at ρ = 0.21 grew on the time scale of 10 −5 s, which was obtained from the time dependent signals of the high frequency fluctuation.

A series of hot cathode biasing experiments with marginal conditions for improved mode transition were carried out in the Tohoku University Heliac (TU-Heliac). Spontaneous transitions were observed accompanied by a delay of a few milliseconds. Transition conditions were explored over a wide operation range. The transition points can be identified clearly and easily in the operation range, because the plasma parameters changed slowly until the spontaneous transition. Although operation conditions were spread over a wide range, poloidal Mach numbers for transitions were concentrated in the range of −M p = 1-2 and normalized driving forces for poloidal rotation agreed well with the local maximum value of ion viscosity predicted by neoclassical theory. The local maximum of ion viscosity against the poloidal Mach number was found to play a key role in the L-H transition. Marginal hot cathode biasing is suitable to determine the threshold conditions for the L-H transition.