solution or sliding-scale subcutaneous administrations. CSII can improve glycaemia safely as well as quality of life in patients on TPN [12,16]. Formal guidelines in this area remain limited. Acknowledging the absence of clinical trials testing the effect of glycaemic control on outcomes in patients on TPN, CSII is an option for glycaemic control.We suggest that clinicians consider the possibility of primary adrenal insufficiency and other endocrine gland involvement in patients with Gardner's syndrome. As there are no guidelines to guide therapy with CSII in this setting, clinical trials are needed that compare insulin regimes or glycaemic targets with respect to clinical outcomes. In the meantime, CSII provides an option for glycaemic control in complex TPN-dependent patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artemisia princeps (AP) extract on bone metabolism and its potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated as follows: sham-operated control group (SHAM); ovariectomized control group (OVX), ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 10 mg/kg/day alendronate (ALEN); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 100 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP100); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 300 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP300). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with AP extracts for 15 weeks prevented the reduction in bone thickness and trabecular bone mineral density caused by urinary Ca and Cr excretion, and also prevented the increase in bone turnover by maintaining the serum Ca/P ratio. As a result, the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone and cortical bone after ovariectomy was markedly improved by administration of AP extracts. In conclusion, AP prevented bone loss and osteoclast activity associated with high bone turnover in ovariectomized rats by controlling the serum Ca/P ratio and through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Our data implicate AP as a promising therapeutic option for the improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

No abstract