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Formation of voids is inevitable in plasma sprayed coatings, and the role of voids on coating properties has long been established. In fact, the void content within coatings is often adjusted by manipulating the process parameters to obtain coatings with desirable performance. Quantification of voids via image analysis allows the determination of not only the void content within a coating, but also the spatial distribution of the voids. Void content in plasma sprayed neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B) coatings was varied from 1.8 to 8.2% by changing the standoff distance (SOD). Spatial distribution parameters, including near-neighbor distance (dmin), nearest-neighbor distance (dmean), and nearest-neighbor angle (θn), were determined via the Dirichlet tessellation method. Coefficient of variation (COV) values of dmin and dmean allow the determination of inhomogeneity and degree of clustering of the voids within a coating. The θn values show the anisotropy behavior of the voids within plasma sprayed coatings. The influence of void content and its spatial distribution within the coatings on the microhardness and elastic modulus of the coatings was determined.

The increasing availability of smart products creates a more pronounced need for designers to prototype and communicate interactive and environmental qualities of product during their design process. This paper explores which elements of User journey, Storyboards and Wireframes contribute to communicating these qualities, and how they might integrate with sketching. Results show depictions of user and temporal elements alongside low fidelity sketches are deemed most important. Our findings form the basis to propose and subsequently test combined prototyping approaches in future research.