Resonant x-ray scattering from self-assembled In P ∕ Ga As ( 001 ) islands: Understanding the chemical structure of quaternary quantum dots Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 021903 (2008); 10.1063/1.2820756 Kinetic aspects of the morphology of self-assembled InAs quantum dots on GaAs(001) Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 320 (2001); 10.1063/1.1339850Strain relaxation and segregation effects during self-assembled InAs quantum dots formation on GaAs (001)

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InAs nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 matrix have been fabricated by a radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering technique without postannealing. X-ray photoelectron spectra and Raman spectroscopy strongly suggest the existence of InAs nanocrystals in the SiO2 matrix. From the optical absorption spectrum, the absorption edge exhibits a very large blueshift of 3.3 eV with respect to that of bulk InAs. The double-peak ultraviolet photoluminescence is observed. Our experimental results show that this double-peak phenomenon originates from the radiative recombination of the quantum-confined electron-heavy hole excitons and electron-split-off hole excitons.

We have demonstrated a 20 period dislocation-free InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot superlattice which is self-formed by the strain from the superlattice taken as a whole rather than by the strain from the strained single layer. The island formation does not take place while growing the corresponding strained single layer. From the variation of the average dot height in each layer, the strain distribution and relaxation process in the capped superlattice have been examined. It is found that the strain is not uniformly distributed and the greatest strains occur at two interfaces between the superlattice and the substrate and the cap layer in the capped superlattice.

Objective: To investigate the innovative application of gold nanorods combined with a laser in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) modeling and to discuss the possible mechanisms. Methods: Electron microscopy was used to characterize the gold nanorods. Cell counting kit-8 assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. An infrared spectroscopy (IR) thermal camera was used to monitor the temperature changes of gold nanorods with or without the laser treatment. Furthermore, western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of related proteins in response to the indicated treatments. Finally, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to determine the structural changes in knee joints. Changes in the cartilage and various other tissues were assessed by histological examination. Results: The characteristics and biosafety of the gold nanorods were confirmed. Our study showed that gold nanorods combined with the laser inhibited cell viability, but the gold nanorods or laser alone did not affect cell viability. Moreover, the effect on cell viability was time dependent. Similarly, only gold nanorods with the laser caused the apoptosis of cartilage cells and the upregulation of IL-1β, MMP-13 and Comp. We injected gold nanorods and used laser irradiation to develop an osteoarthritis (OA) model. The temperature of the knees in the OA model increased to 60 °C and then remained at approximately 60 °C. As the time increased, gold nanorods combined with the laser caused more injuries and degeneration in the knee joints. Conclusion: OA models that were established using gold nanorods and a laser were precise, controllable, observable and stable and could be an excellent premise for investigating the exact mechanisms underlying OA and exploring new treatment strategies.