Several models have been proposed to estimate the viscosity of molten slag using optical basicity. In this work, a new method for viscosity estimation of silicate slag using optical basicity has been proposed. The temperature dependence of viscosity was described by the general Arrhenius equation, and the contributions of bridging oxygen (O 0 ), non-bridging oxygen (O 2 ) and free oxygen (O 22 ) to viscous activation energy in this equation were taken into account. Compositions of three types of oxygen were calculated from optical basicity using the Toop-Samis model combined with the method proposed by Ottonello and Moretti. The present method has been applied to estimate the viscosity of silicate slag in CaO-FeO-MgO-MnO-SiO 2 system. The comparison between estimated and experimental values shows good agreements, with a mean deviation of ,20%.

The exploration of solid-state sodium superionic conductors with high sodium-ion conductivity, structural and electrochemical stability, and grand interface compatibility has become the key to the next-generation energy storage applications with high energy density and long cycling life. Among them, halide-based compounds exhibit great potential with the higher electronegativity of halogens than that of the sulfur element. In this work, combined with first-principles calculation and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation, the investigation of trivalent metal iodide-based Na superionic conductors C2/m-Na3XI6 (X = Sc, Y, La, and In) was conducted, including the fast ion transport mechanism, structural stability, and interface electrochemical compatibility with electrode materials. Along with the tetrahedral-center saddle site-predominant three-dimensional octahedral–tetrahedral–octahedral diffusion network, C2/m-Na3XI6 possesses the merits of high Na ionic conductivities of 0.36, 0.35, and 0.20 mS cm–1 for Na3ScI6, Na3YI6, and Na3LaI6, respectively. Benefiting from its structural stabilities, C2/m-Na3XI6 exhibits lower interface reaction energy and better electrochemical compatibility in contact with both Na metal and high-voltage poly-anion (fluoro)­phosphate cathode materials than those of sulfide-based ones. Our theoretical work provides rational design principles for screening and guiding iodide-based C2/m-Na3XI6 (X = Sc, Y, La, and In) as promising Na superionic conductor candidates used in all-solid-state energy storage applications.

A sample of HoCo3B2 compound was synthesized, and the magnetic and MCE properties were investigated. Compound shows a change corresponding to R-R (R = rare earth) sublattice magnetic order transition and the transition temperature is determined to be 11.8 K (TC). The characteristic of Arrott plots with positive slope around TC was observed, indicating a second-order phase transition. Based on isothermal magnetization data, together with Maxwell’s relationship, the magnetic entropy change (-ΔSM) was calculated. The maximum -ΔSM reaches 7.8, 12.7 and 14.4 J/kg K for field range of 0-2 T, 0-5 T and 0-7 T, respectively. Accordingly, the value of RC (refrigerant capacity) is 99, 289 and 432 J/kg for above field ranges. The large MCE of HoCo3B2 compound indicates its potential application for magnetic refrigeration in low temperature range.

Analysis of oxygen induced anisotropy crossover in Pt / Co / M Ox trilayers J. Appl. Phys.Effect of the metal/oxide interface on spin-dependent transport properties in perpendicular [Co/Pt] 3 multilayers was investigated. The saturation Hall resistivity (q xy ) is significantly increased by 45% with 1.4 nm thick CoO layer inserted at the top Co/MgO interface; whereas it is increased only 25% with 1 nm thick CoO layer at the bottom MgO/Co interface. The interfacial structures characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the MgO/Co interface and Co/MgO interface including chemical states play a dominant role on spin-dependent transport, leading to different anomalous Hall behavior. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

We report a large enhancement of spin–orbit torque (SOT) in perpendicular Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers with interfacial H+ and O2– ion manipulations. By controlling both H+ and O2– ions at the CoFeB/MgO interface, the switching current density (Jc) is almost half of that for the single O2– ion manipulated sample. Through harmonic measurements, we have found that both dampinglike effective field HD and fieldlike effective field HF are increased for the H+ and O2– ion manipulated samples. Interfacial structural results indicate that the H+ and O2– ion manipulations modulate the interfacial chemistry at the CoFeB/MgO interface, which suppresses the spin reflection and improves the spin absorption in the CoFeB layer. Our results can effectively improve the SOT and provide an effective way to modulate SOT.