Large Language Models (LLMs) have a great potential to serve as readily available and costefficient Conversational Intelligent Tutoring Systems (CITS) for teaching L2 learners of English. Existing CITS, however, are designed to teach only simple concepts or lack the pedagogical depth necessary to address diverse learning strategies. To develop a more pedagogically informed CITS capable of teaching complex concepts, we construct a BIlingual PEDagogicallyinformed Tutoring Dataset (BIPED) of oneon-one, human-to-human English tutoring interactions. Through post-hoc analysis of the tutoring interactions, we come up with a lexicon of dialogue acts (34 tutor acts and 9 student acts), which we use to further annotate the collected dataset. Based on a two-step framework of first predicting the appropriate tutor act then generating the corresponding response, we implemented two CITS models using GPT-4 and SOLAR-KO, respectively. We experimentally demonstrate that the implemented models not only replicate the style of human teachers but also employ diverse and contextually appropriate pedagogical strategies. * We confine the utilization of data to a subset that has been fully annotated, despite a larger volume of collected data.

This paper presents a 14-DOF robotic hand including 5 fingers and a wrist. The hand has a new tendon-driven mechanism which minimizes frictional loss and maximizes efficiency and backdrivability. In order to accomplish high efficiency and backdrivability as well as human-like payload and dexterity in a compact size, two novel mechanical concepts are proposed. Firstly, the actuators are placed according to the functions of fingers -high power grasping and precise manipulation -instead of positioning at each joint. For the high power grasping, 7 high payload motors are positioned in the forearm, and 5 small size motors are positioned in the palm for the precise manipulation. Secondly, a new tension decoupling mechanism is proposed to the 2-DOF wrist joint, which delivers wire motions of the forearm motors to the fingers without frictional loss or coupling with wrist motion. A total weight including the forearm is 1.59kg which is similar to human. The fingertip force is 15N which is sufficient for most of household work. High backdrivability enables the contact force sensing by measuring a motor current without additional sensors. A detectable minimum contact force was 0.735N. In order to enhance the contact force sensing capability, a friction compensation algorithm was applied, which resulted to the minimum contact force as 0.196N. Theoretical and experimental analyses are also performed.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using low‐level, low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LLLF_PEMF) stimulation to improve atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Twenty 6‐week‐old hairless mice were randomly divided into Normal (n = 5), PEMF 15 Hz (n = 5), PEMF 75 Hz (n = 5), and Sham (n = 5) groups. Following the onset of atopic dermatitis symptoms, PEMF groups (15 and 75 Hz) were stimulated with LLLF_PEMF (15 mT) for 8 h per day for 1 week. Sensory evaluation analysis revealed a significant difference between the PEMF 15 Hz group and Sham group (P < 0.05), but these differences were not visually obvious. While both the PEMF and Sham groups had atopic dermatitis lesions, lesion size was significantly smaller in the two PEMF groups than in the Sham group (P < 0.001). Additionally, changes in epithelial thickness because of skin inflammation significantly decreased for both PEMF groups, compared with the Sham group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results suggest that PEMF stimulation in vivo triggers electro‐chemical reactions that affect immune response. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effectiveness and applicability of the PEMF (pulsed electro-magnetic field) acupuncture. To verify this, we observe autonomic nervous system (ANS; such as the HRV and body temperature) variation for the manual acupuncture and the PEMF acupuncture. Method: 56 voluntary participants were divided into three groups; non-stimulation group, manual acupuncture group (MAG), and PEMF acupuncture group (PAG). BL15 (Bladder Meridian) was selected as the stimulation area, the PEMF parameters were chosen at 2 Hz and 46mT. The HRV and body temperature were measured before and after each stimulation. The HRV at low frequency (LF; 0.04 - 0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF; 0.15 - 0.4 Hz) were analyzed to acquire LF/HF ratio. Results: The LF and the LF/HF ratio were found to be lower in the MAG (p = 0.026) and the PAG (p = 0.011), but higher in the non-stimulation group (p = 0.778). The HF was found to be higher in the MAG (p = 0.011) and the PAG (p = 0.013). In BL15, the non-stimulation group had very low body temperature variation. The temperature difference in the MAG before and after the procedure was 0.37&deg;C; there were no significant differences (p = 0.114). The temperature difference in the PAG was larger than that for the MAG, at 0.83&deg;C; it was a significant difference (p = 0.001). Conclusion: We found that the manual acupuncture and the PEMF acupuncture at BL15 activated the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, we confirm that the PEMF acupuncture can be expected to have a similar effect as acupuncture and can be applied as a means of clinical acupuncture treatment

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