This study aims to assess the quality of drinking water in Karbala. Furthermore, the quality of tap and bottled water are compared in this study. Materials and method: Physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters were all measured in the study. The bacteriological test includes a total count of coliform and fecal coliform, which may be detected using standard microbiology procedures. Results: In bottled water, total dissolved salts (TDS), Ca, Cl, and Mg were within acceptable ranges, like that in tap water, the mentioned parameters were within normal ranges except for regions Aborwayah, Al-wend, Al-khayrat and Al-husainia which were beyond the expected value. In terms of bacteriological tests, coliform bacteria were found in bottled water (Al-katara water and Al kafeel) samples with no E. coli bacteria. In the case of tap water samples, the findings revealed that most of the regions (9 out of 12 = 75%) had coliform bacteria growth, so (4 out of 9 = 44. 4%) had E. coli bacterium growth does not comply with the approved standards for drinking water, which must be free of the microbial content of E. .coli and coliform. Conclusion: According to the study, drinking water treatment operations are not up to par, particularly in locations outside of the city center, and bottled water is preferable to tap water for drinking. Keywords. drink water, coliform, TDS, Chloride, turbidity.

The aims of this study was concerned on the evaluation the etiology of diarrhea (parasitic (E. histolytica and G. lamblia) and Celiac disease in children under five years and its effectiveness on the some laboratory investigations which is the complete blood picture (CBP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), the sero-prevalence of celiac disease; in which two types of autoantibodies was studied, anti-gliadin (IgG and IgA), and anti-tissutransglutaminase (IgG and IgA); A total of 67 children with diarrhea have been diagnostic, E. histolytica recorded the largest group 36 sample followed by G. lamblia 23 sample, and Sero-positive celiac disease only 8 children. the E. histolytica was mostly at 4-5 years (36.1%) and G. lamblia was mostly in age 1-2 and 2-3 years (30.4%). we found that most of neutrophilia and eosinophilia cases were in E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Hemoglobin concentration show a significant decrease in patients with diarrhea. Abnormal ESR and CRP titer reading has been in shows higher mean values with E. histolytica and Sero-positive celiac disease then followed by G. lamblia.

A method based on experimentally calibrated rotor model is proposed in this work for unbalance identification of flexible rotors without trial runs. Influence coefficient balancing method especially when applied to flexible rotors is disadvantaged by its low efficiency and lengthy procedure, whilst the proposed method has the advantage of being efficient, applicable to multi-operating spin speeds and do not need trial runs. An accurate model for the rotor and its supports based on rotordynamics and finite elements analysis combined with experimental modal analysis, is produced to identify the unbalance distribution on the rotor. To create digital model of the rotor, frequency response functions (FRFs) are determined from excitation and response data, and then modal parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes) are extracted and compared with experimental analogies. Unbalance response is measured traditionally on rotor supports, in this work the response measured from rotating disks instead. The obtained results show that the proposed approach provides an effective alternative in rotor balancing. Increasing the number of balancing disks on balancing quality is investigated as well.

The marine propulsion system is a system that a ship depends on in travelling and maneuvering in the existence of different types of waves, which reduce the efficiency of the system. In this work, different types of vibration such as torsional, lateral and longitudinal and their effect on ship and propulsion system are studied. Vibration seriously threatens the reliability and safety of the ship. The finite element method is established to study vibration at different rotational speeds. In this work vibration, analysis and modeling with simulation for cases of lateral and torsional vibration are performed by using MatLab software. In addition, ANSYS 2019 R3 is used to study some cases of marine propulsion system. In this work, effective parameters that play important role in vibration reduction such as the diameter, stiffness, couple unbalance and mass unbalance are discussed. The results of that analysis provided can help to predict the problems. In general, to achieve better stability and safety, all the conditions of the propulsion system must be taken into account to diagnose the problem. Hence, the data which are provided in diagrams and tables can be used as a guide in the design stage or maintenance stage to treat system problem and then take the proper action.

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