Present study investigates the effect of workplace spirituality on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior by considering the role of spiritual intelligence. To measure the concepts of workplace spirituality, customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (CO-OCB) and spiritual intelligence, the conceptualizations are applied on 282 employees of an insurance company in Tehran during the fiscal year of 2011 and the results are analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that spiritual intelligence and workplace spirituality have positive impact on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. However, when spiritual intelligence is considered as a moderating factor, spirituality development in workplace cannot alone influence on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior since including spiritual intelligence hedges the effect of workplace spirituality on customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior though workplace spirituality can improve customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through impacting on spiritual intelligence.

Undoubtedly, human capital is the main source of knowledge generation, which leads to a competitive advantage and sustainability of organizations. When managers pay more attention to such capital, they will be able to lead their organization, more effectively. In such route, the managers should look for their employees' opinions on policies/plans of the organization and learn how to run the organization and organizational challenges. They should use their employees' knowledge to improve the quality of decisions, they should encourage them to share their ideas and protect them from organizational silence. Thus, human capitals will be obviously considered as strategic capitals of an organization. Concerning the importance of organizational sound, the status of organizational silence is studied in 13 selected organizations in Qom Province-as one the biggest Iranian provinces. The findings indicate that organizational silence in Qom selected organizations is not in an ideal status and the current level should be mitigated. Likewise, findings show that there is no significant difference between organizational silence in Qom selected organizations in terms of demographic variables.

According to connoisseurs, cultural system is encountering a fully new space in future decades and cultural indicators will be exposed by some dangers; for the same reason, cultural observation activities in management dialogue of Iran are emphasized; the concept of "observation" in Iran is facing with challenges including being far from the concepts of futures studies and the focus on "cultural indicators monitoring" while cultural engineering needs foresight and identification of affecting progressive and deterring factors on the culture. The present study aims at providing alternatives to design an observation system by considering the monitoring and scanning simultaneously to bring out strategic and futurist vision for cultural organizations. To this end, the solution space and morphological field of observation (parameters and values) by using MA/Carma Viewer software package is designed based on the literature review and forming a five-member expert group and specialized conversations. Upon Internal Consistency Assessment of parameters and by considering some values as drivers, Parameters Activity Check was conducted to study the reactions by other parameters and values. After sense-making and proper understanding of the model behavior, an Inference and "What-If" model were devised; some configurations were studied and provided in order to aware a part of proper alternatives for designing a cultural observation system (two scenarios). Scenario selection is different due to contingencies and conditions of executing the process as well as the users' needs and goals in cultural observation system and cultural organizations can make decisions and design detailed observation systems by using morphological models, solution space and alternatives provided in the present study and depended on their goals and needs.