Introduction The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on mortality in patients with hip fractures by comparing it to those who are unvaccinated. Our secondary objective was to compare the impact on postoperative morbidity parameters like length of hospital stay and complications. Methods A total of 619 hip fractures were divided into the 'Vaccinated group' consisting of 300 patients who had COVID-19 vaccination and the 'Unvaccinated group' consisting of 319 patients who were not vaccinated. Patient demographic variables, Nottingham hip fracture score, American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) grade, type of anaesthesia used, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were collected. Our primary outcome measures were 30- and 90-day mortality. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative complications like thromboembolic complications, cardiac, and respiratory complications, etc. Mortality among the COVID-positive patients was also compared between the groups. Results Thirty-day postoperative mortality was higher in the unvaccinated group at 13.2% than in the vaccinated group at 5.3%. A similar increase in 90-day mortality was also observed in the unvaccinated group at 24.8% when compared to 14.7% in the vaccinated group(p<0.001). Despite having a higher baseline prevalence of cardiac comorbidities, the Vaccinated group had fewer post-operative cardiac, thromboembolic, and neurological complications (p>0.05). Moreover, electrolyte imbalance and AKI were also seen in fewer patients in the vaccinated group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, it was found that among the vaccinated patients who did have perioperative COVID-19 infection, the 30-day mortality was significantly lower (10%) compared to the control group (31.2%) (p<0.001). Similarly, 90-day mortality was significantly lower (25%) compared to the control group (43.75%) (p<0.001). Conclusion Vaccination against COVID-19 independently reduced mortality and morbidity among patients with hip fractures when compared to those who are not vaccinated. Furthermore, it decreased the risk of acquiring COVID-19, and subsequent postoperative complications. Among those who are infected with COVID-19 despite vaccination, the mortality was significantly lesser.

Introduction: Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissue swellings commonly found in the wrist. The presence of these cysts in the elbow is uncommon, and few case reports have been reported for this condition at this location. These lesions can compress on the neighbouring structures or cause restriction of the joint movement. The awareness of this entity is a must, to arrive at an early diagnosis. Materials and Method: We report a patient with swelling in the anterolateral aspect of the elbow which had been causing intermittent pain for the last 13 months. The MRI revealed a multilobulated complex cystic lesion along ulnar aspect of distal arm. Results: The lesion was excised in toto, using anterolateral approach for the elbow, and sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of a ganglion cyst. Conclusion: Thus, due to the infrequent presentation, an awareness of this condition is necessary to prevent a delay in diagnosis and its subsequent management.

BACKGROUND Degloving injuries of the hand are quite common due to industrial injuries and road traffic accidents. In most of the cases, only the skin and subcutaneous tissue is avulsed leaving behind intact tendons and vessels. Early debridement and immediate flap cover are vital to prevent infection and to restore proper hand function. Delayed intervention and skin grafting over the exposed tendons result in compromised function of the hand. We describe abdominal flap as a durable option to cover these degloved hands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal flap as a reconstructive option to manage the avulsion injury of hand due to industrial injuries and road traffic accidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study includes case series of 30 degloving injury of hand treated by abdominal flaps, in the

Background: Hip fractures are devastating injuries that commonly affect the elderly and have a tremendous impact on the health care system and society in general. This further handicaps the treatment of these fractures and the healing process is always in doubt. A successful operation at the hip joint should provide painless, stable hip with wide range of movements. Earlier hemireplacement arthroplasty is the treatment of choice for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 cases of intracapsular fracture neck of femur in elderly patients above the age of 50 years irrespective of sex treated by hemiarthroplasty using unipolar (Austin Moore's / Thompson's) or bipolar endoprosthesis, in the Department of Orthopaedics at Father Muller Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore between August 2015 to January 2017, were included in the study. Results: In our study most of the patients were in the age group of 50 to 70 years with mean average age of 65.33 years for males and 64.73 years for females. Majority of the fractures were subcapital radiologically. Sixty-three percent of the patients had comminution of the posterior cortex of the neck. We used Moore's posterior approach for all the patients and appropriate sized prosthesis were selected depending on the size of the femoral head. Patients were ambulated early. Most of the patients were discharged within two weeks of surgery. Outcomes at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months were analysed by modified Harris hip scoring system6 and by radiographs taken during follow up. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty by using either unipolar or bipolar prosthesis is a good option in elderly patients with displaced fracture neck of femur. The operative procedure is simple, mortality and morbidity associated with it is less. The complications are less disabling, weight bearing is early, early functional results are satisfactory and second operation is less frequently required.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft is a commonly performed orthopedic surgery. Lateral femoral condyle fracture through the femoral tunnel is a rare complication following ACL reconstruction. These cases are reported to be managed in two stages, fracture fixation by open reduction and internal fixation with bone grafting of the femoral tunnel, followed by revision ACL reconstruction after the fracture union. Case Report: A 41-year-old male Kabaddi player underwent right knee arthroscopic ACL reconstruction following an ACL tear in January 2021, sustained a road traffic accident 7 weeks later and developed a lateral femoral condyle fracture. The graft was intact and trapped into the fracture site making fracture reduction difficult. The graft was lax due to the fixed loop button being trapped in the fracture. The patient was treated in a single stage by arthroscopy assisted fracture reduction and fixation with ACL graft salvage and reinforced suspensory femoral graft fixation to plate suspensory fixation. Conclusion: This case is a rare presentation of lateral condyle fracture after ACL reconstruction and both the issues are managed in a single stage with the help of detailed surgical planning, using utmost arthroscopy skills and keeping all the options of fixation devices ready on the table during the surgery. Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, lateral femoral condyle fracture.