When we look at institutional education, we see that behavioural approaches to teaching still dominate in educational reality. From this perspective, learning is completely dependent on teaching, just as students are under the authority of the teacher. In a sense, this is a situation of a specific kind of symbolic violence. It has its sources in traditional ways of understanding education as a particular form of training produced in the school. But this is not the only reason. Another one is a tacit assumption about the correctness of naïve realism: the belief that we can obtain objective and universal knowledge of the external world. In this article I argue that this generates the situation in which students' thinking is subordinated to the system. Such education kills free and critical thinking, as well as effectively blocking social change. In other words, the current public educational system is oppressive at its very basis, because of its epistemological assumptions. However, before we start changing educational practice we should first change our way of looking at knowledge. Here, I discuss selected controversies around the traditional model of knowledge and learning, as well as suggesting different paradigms of knowledge and education. PreambleEducation can be comprehended in many ways. Its shape is delineated through conventional paradigms. In practice, depending on the adopted theoretical premises, we find a wide spectrum of pedagogics. These range from the adaptive ideologies, which promote more or less extreme forms of pupil subordination, to those for which the main aim of education is (variously understood) pupil freedom. Despite this diverse multiplicity, we still observe the strong positivist belief that education is a form of reproducing widely understood culture, composed of values, morality, and the crowning achievement of Homo sapiens: science. Such understanding of education marks a very limited perspective on the role of education in the
Since the late 20th century, the Solidarity breakthrough of the Polish social movement has been a huge political success. Solidarity, as a specific idea, has become not only a social and political power, but also a more profound category of ethical discourse. Therefore, especially in terms of Polish public awareness, solidarity is one of the most popular theoretical notions, which is used in many different social contexts. Divergent political ideologies develop and use the language of solidarity as a tool to create divisions in society. The language of solidarity seems to create additional difficulties because it is used by conservative, neo-liberal and leftist parties. This language does not have its own identity or meaning. Considering the problems involved in the category of solidarity, the authors want to move the debate around this concept onto grounds for discussion about the university and the concept of the commons. Their research is located in the field of the philosophy of education, but they refer their reflections also to some empirical works.
parezja · 2/2014 · z życia naukowego młodych pedagogów · 139 W grudniu 2013 roku na Uniwersytecie Szczecińskim powołaliśmy do życia grupę badawczą realizującą projekt naukowy "Subsumcje edukacji" 1 . W jego ramach staramy się przebadać możliwe formy podporządkowania edukacji. Głównym celem naszych badań jest opracowanie i analityczne wykorzystanie kategorii "subsumcji", zbadanie semantycznych, ontologicznych i performatywnych implikacji w odniesieniu do problematyki edukacyjnej. Pragniemy zwrócić uwagę na społeczne, polityczne i etyczne wymiary podporządkowywania procesów edukacyjnych, zapytać o możliwe sposoby użycia i kontrużycia analizowanej kategorii, jak również o możliwe w danej perspektywie projekty emancypacyjne."Podporządkowanie" jest kategorią bardzo wyraźnie wpisującą się w dyskurs edukacyjny, obejmuje swoim zasięgiem wiele procesów społecznych. O edukacji można powiedzieć, że w swych podstawach powinna być podporządkowana wspieraniu wysiłków poszczególnych jednostek i całych grup nakierowanych na własny rozwój (poznawczy, moralny, społeczny). Można również powiedzieć, że ze względu na swój charakter, edukacja skazana jest na próby podporządkowywania jej interesom tych, którzy rządzą i/lub określonych ideologii. Niemniej, naszym zdaniem, wiele procesów subsumcji myślenia, działania pedagogicznego i instytucji edukacyjnych wymyka się konwencjonalnym analizom władzy czy ideologii. Stąd, praca w ramach projektu "Subsumcje edukacji" zorientowana jest na poszukiwanie słownika, który pozwoliłby na nowe impulsy teoretyczne i nowe problematyzacje pro-1 Strona internetowa projektu: http://subsumcjeedukacji.blogspot.com / [25.09.2014].
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