Acid etching combined with scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) accentuates a variety of conodont microstructural patterns as compared to unetched specimens. External and internal organic layers surrounding apatitic lamellae are found with internal organic layers apparently thinner than their external counterparts. This may imply partial removal of the outermost organic layer prior to secretion of the next lamella. Etching also provides evidence of internally preserved striate ornament. Polygonal etch artifacts and zones of crystallites aligned in small areas are interpreted as possible sites for apatite biomineralization.

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Sea-level rise driven by the effects of greenhouse gas emissions is already driving significant and costly impacts to public and private coastal property owners, with future impacts likely to be immense. We examine legal frameworks in which remedies for these impacts and costs may be addressed. Our analysis focuses on remedies available through application of the common law concepts of nuisance and trespass. We argue that the common law provides mechanisms for restraining future impacts while assigning responsibility for real costs for receptors of these impacts to the generators of the causative pollutants.

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