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Predicting the mobility and delineating the extent of geophysical flows remains a challenge for engineers. The accuracy of predictions hinges on the reliability of input parameters of runout models. Currently, limited field data for landslide case histories are available for benchmarking the performance of runout models. Key rheological parameters, such as the equivalent internal friction angle, cannot be measured directly using laboratory experiments and must instead be determined through back-analyses. A series of dynamic back-analyses was carried out for notable landslide case histories in Hong Kong, accounting for the effects of pore-water pressure on the equivalent internal friction angle, using a three-dimensional finite-element mobility model. The recorded and simulated run-out distances, as well as lateral spreading, were compared. Results reveal that the back-analysed equivalent internal friction angles resulting from open-hillslope failures and from channelized geophysical flows range from 25° to 30° and 15° to 20°, respectively. This is attributed to incised geophysical flow channels having an elevated water head and higher degree of saturation compared to open-hillside slope surfaces, wherein the induced elevated pore-water pressure profoundly lowers the equivalent internal friction angle. The back-calculated values may be useful for finite-element-based design of mitigation measures.

<p>The new 30 km Cadangan Projek Jambatan Temburong (Temburong Bridge Project) in Brunei will connect the relatively isolated district of Temburong with the more developed Brunei-Muara district. The project includes over 14 km of marine viaducts crossing Brunei Bay which will be built under Construction Contract CC2.</p><p>The shallow waters of Brunei Bay, very soft ground conditions and a fast track programme pose significant challenges to both design and construction. Maximising the use of precast concrete and the repetition of details are key to delivering the scheme in an economical and timely manner.</p><p>The vast majority of foundations are groups of spun concrete piles. The superstructure will be in the form of twin post-tensioned concrete single-cell, box girders with 50m spans, built by span-by- span erection method.</p>