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Properties or characteristics of fibers are affected by their topology. In fact, these topologies are found to have significant impacts in the functionalities of many applications. Hence, in this study, the relations between the spinning techniques and the topology of the resulting fibers are studied with the aim to provide a guideline for future reference where fibers with certain topology can be fabricated to suit specific applications. For this purpose, polyurethane is chosen to be the raw material to fabricate the fibers due to its versatility to be applied in various fields. The surface morphology, structures, and alignments of the fibers are studied. It is found that the polymer solution properties largely influence the mechanisms in the spinning process and can significantly affect the topology of the fibers. For instance, viscous solutions enable the spinning of coiled and smooth fibers, whereas conductive solutions encourage the splaying of the solution jet which results in the spinning of straight fibers.

The present work investigates the effect of various solution parameters and electrospinning parameters on the characteristics of electrospun nanofibrous membranes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the nanofibrous membrane. Adsorption test on methyl orange was also carried out and analyzed using the UV–vis. Results showed that increasing voltage decreased mean nanofiber diameter. Meanwhile, increasing PMMA concentration, feed rate, distance between collector‐and‐needle tip increased mean nanofiber diameter. Zeolite concentration and needle size did not affect the surface morphology significantly. The UV–vis spectra of the adsorption test showed that ∼93%, 85.5%, and 78% of methyl orange were adsorbed for 30, 50, and 100 mg L−1 initial dye concentration, respectively, within 11 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 95.33 mg g−1. Therefore, PMMA/zeolite nanofibrous membranes possess the adsorption capability toward effective dye removal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44450.