Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) March 20122. REPORT TYPE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Central Florida PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-HRM-AT Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)ARL-TR-5949 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES*University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation & Training, 3100 Technology Pkwy., Orlando, FL 32826 ABSTRACTTrust is an essential element required for effective human-robot teaming. Yet, experimental research examining human-robot trust in team interactions is at its infancy stage. Conducting empirical studies using live robots can be extremely difficult in terms of money, time, equipment programmability, and system support. Information in the area of human-robot trust is limited, but parallels can be drawn with trust in other domains of human-entity interactions, such as human-animal trust. Here we investigate the current evidence related to factors impacting trust in human-animal partnerships. Several of the outlined factors overlap with previously identified factors associated with trust in robots, supporting the notion that human-animal trust may be an appropriate analog for human-robot trust. Implications for future research are enumerated and discussed. SUBJECT TERMStrust, human-robot interaction, meta-analysis

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In this work, we address the under-emphasized need for attention to the emotional dynamics involved in human-robot interaction. This becomes more prominent as robots continue to transition from a tool-based role to a role of a teammate or companion. A theoretical review of robotic design through both current technology and fictional media provides a foundation for understanding domains in which the remote embodiment of human emotions can be used. Current and prior research is discussed, as well as limitations and necessities. Recommendations are established for an initial Best Practices approach that can provide optimal benefits to the user with regard to design implementation.

The perception of what constitutes a robot depends on both technological advances and evolving social perceptions. Here, we explore how the fictional media affect those societal perceptions and the subsequent influence on robot design to date. We then examine how these design trends can be applied to present circumstances to suggest future design directions.