Launched in 1988, the Bamako Initiative was considered as a policy aimed at revitalizing the primary health care strategy while strengthening equity in access to health care. A decade later, two research initiatives conducted in Mali and Uganda, and later in Burkina Faso, concluded that a) this policy did very little to improve or increase access to health care among the most deprived and excluded vulnerable population groups, b) this policy only served to marginalize certain population groups already disenfranchised due to the emphasis on financial sustainability and viability of health care organisations, and c) the exemption mechanisms for alleviating the burden of payment and financial barriers for the poorest represent a technically feasible solution, while one not socially advocated. The current state of affairs requires that in order to give impetus to the principles of equity and the initial goals of the Bamako Initiative, African states should implement incentives, NGOs should consider planning as a tool for social change and donors need to ensure investments which are centred upon and prioritize principles of equity.
El desafío de avanzar hacia la materialización del derecho a la salud para todos a través de la estrategia para el acceso y la cobertura universal de salud (salud universal) requiere de múltiples condiciones y acciones. Una de ellas es contar con trabajadores de la salud suficientes, bien distribuidos y con las competencias y motivación que hagan posible la transformación de los servicios de salud y proporcionen respuestas integrales y de calidad a las personas y sus comunidades. Este artículo, producto del diálogo de académicos de diversos centros universitarios de las Américas, reflexiona y enfatiza cuatro dimensiones esenciales: la planificación, la formación interprofesional, la misión o responsabilidad social de los centros formadores y el uso de modelos de docencia-servicio-investigación. Estas dimensiones deben ser atendidas para una formación integral de profesionales de salud que contribuyan a hacer factible la salud universal.
The Equity Tool (EQT) offers a practical guide for considering equity in 4 domains of practice: governance and process, procedures and operations, progress and impacts, and power and inclusion.The EQT is equity focused, user friendly, and can support reflective dialogue at any stage of the partnership, by individuals at any level in the partnership.
Cet article analyse l'efficacité des deux principales composantes de la politique de santé mise en oeuvre au Burkina Faso, «les soins de santé primaires» et l'«Initiative de Bamako», à partir des résultats de deux études régionales et d'une revue documentaire nationale. L'efficacité de ces deux politiques est mise en doute: aucune n'a pu, malgré un important investissement des pouvoirs publics, améliorer les conditions d'accès aux soins pour tous. Pour mieux comprendre leur relative inefficacité, il est urgent d'étudier en profondeur le rôle interactif joué par les principaux acteurs dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques de santé au Burkina Faso.
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