This study evaluates the esthetic outcome of root coverage procedures using an objective method, including the percentage of root coverage, root coverage esthetic scoring system, and subjective assessment by patient and clinician-based questionnaires. The results will be helpful for the understanding of the differences that exist in esthetic satisfaction.

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Background and Objective After tooth extraction, the extraction socket undergoes several steps of soft and hard tissue healing. The healing process of the extraction socket is modulated by a range of signaling factors and biochemical agents. It has been reported that resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, exhibits various biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti‐aging effects, and protects cardiovascular and bone tissues. In this study, we examined the cellular effects of resveratrol on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells and osteoblast‐like (MC3T3‐E1) cells and evaluated the bone‐healing capacity of tooth extraction sockets in mice. Material and Methods Resveratrol was applied to hPDL and MC3T3‐E1 cells to detect cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and qPCR was employed to understand the gene expression level in vitro. For in vivo experiment, six‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups and maxillary first molars were extracted by surgery. Experimental groups received 50‐µM resveratrol on extraction sockets and analyzed the degree of new bone formation. Results Treatment of hPDL and MC3T3‐E1 cells with resveratrol increased the cell proliferation and ALP activity and enhanced the expression of ALP, BMP‐2, BMP‐4, and OC genes. Resveratrol enhanced new bone formation in the lingual extraction socket in mice. Conclusion These results suggest that resveratrol increases the cellular physiology of PDL and osteoblast including their proliferation and differentiation and may play an important role in bone‐healing capacity after tooth extraction.

PURPOSE This study investigated the accuracy of full-arch intraoral scans obtained by various scan strategies with the segmental scan and merge methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy intraoral scans (seven scans per group) were performed using 10 scan strategies that differed in the segmental scan (1, 2, or 3 segments) and the scanning motion (straight, zigzag, or combined). The three-dimensional (3D) geometric accuracy of scan images was evaluated by comparison with a reference image in an image analysis software program, in terms of the arch shape discrepancies. Measurement parameters were the intermolar distance, interpremolar distance, anteroposterior distance, and global surface deviation. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significance difference post hoc tests were carried out to compare differences among the scan strategy groups (α = .05). RESULTS The linear discrepancy values of intraoral scans were not different among scan strategies performed with the single scan and segmental scan methods. In general, differences in the scan motion did not show different accuracies, except for the intermolar distance measured under the scan conditions of a 3-segmental scan and zigzag motion. The global surface deviations were not different among all scan strategies. CONCLUSION The segmental scan and merge methods using two scan parts appear to be reliable as an alternative to the single scan method for full-arch intraoral scans. When three segmental scans are involved, the accuracy of complete arch scan can be negatively affected.

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