The purpose of this study is to explore any significant differences in residents' perception of the impacts before and after the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The findings of this study revealed that residents' perception of the positive impacts (community investment and improvement of city infrastructure) varied over two points in time, while two negative factors (inflation and tax increase) demonstrated little perceptual change. Residents had high expectations of the benefits that the Olympics would bring to the community, yet those expectations were not met. In fact, the problems caused by the Olympics were neither greater nor lesser than they expected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The study analyzes each property of 3 areas relating to South-to-North Water Transfer Project which promotes water resource in rational usage through artificial space-rearrangement so that Chinese government would solve the imbalance distribution of water resource between south and north. Imbalance distribution of water resource in Northern area of China is a representative example of ecological environment changes which have chronically progressed. Especially, relatively terrible drought and shortage of water is bringing about serious life crisis in north-west area. Desertification is already starting widely from Xinjiang Uigur region to Gansu, Qinghai, Neimeng and Shanxi Province. Chinese people feel it is social-economical crisis in itself as well as a big natural disaster that desertification is going to 80km of Beijing, the capital of China. Chinese government is developing South-to-North Water Transfer Project which promotes water resource in rational usage through artificial space-rearrangement to solve imbalance distribution of water resource between south and north in China. South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China had begun the construction since 2002 in Eastern Route, Middle Route and Western Route through long-term public survey, the study and fundamental design process. 3 constructions of each area has their own properties on geographic environment, construction conditions, and construction object. Eastern Route is located in Eastern seaside area of China in which population rate is high and the first construction of three ones began there. The main business of Eastern Route construction is to supply industrial water stably with eastern seaside and Tianjin city including Shandong Province. Especially, it is closed to east coast which plays role of tow car of China Economy and its altitude is low. Difficulty of construction is also low because Grand Canal has been since it was long time ago and social-economical effects on the areas is very great when the construction is done. But it is a weak point that they can supply water only after they purify contaminated water of Yangtze River downstream. Middle Route will prepare for the formal part which is important for the solution of water-shortage in big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. The main business of Middle Route construction aims at supply water of Danjiangkou reservoir located at an altitude of 976 meters with Beijing and Tianjin city by the natural-fall way. Because the capital of China, Beijing and a great city, Tianjin is the final destinations, actual effects as well as symbolism of the project is expected to be enormous. But it can cause damage by decrease in water amount of catchment area. The goal of Western Route construction is to build a great canal from Jinsha River which comes from Tibet and finally to promote afforestation of Neimeng area and civilization of north-west area by connecting the canal to upstream area of Yellow River. It is expected to be the project which can give innovative effects on ecological environment. Depending on the result of the successful completion, the effects on this area can be considerable because desertification has progressed and it is too serious for human to live there for a long time. Comparing to 2 other routes, the level of difficulty is very high, and the detail plan of construction is not set, yet. Due to those reasons, the construction has not begun, yet and in China, there is a sharp conflict of opinions on the expected effects and side effects. South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China is a national project which has been strategically planned for 100 years and supported widely by public. Besides, the government ever has consistently pushed ahead the project and they have a clear cause for that, “the solution of survival” and the route of pragmatism. Thus, South-to-North Water Transfer Project gets lots of positive reputations in China.

Having started in mainland China from the late 1990’s, Hallyu or the Hallyu not only disseminates Korean pop culture, but generates economic and cultural profits in many different aspects. At the same time, however, signs of objection to Hallyu are surfacing with the Hallyu spreading across the East Asian region. In this context, this research aims to discuss ways to firmly establish Hallyu by making it more sustainable, as Hallyu has shifted the Korean culture from the periphery to the center of the world culture, and to talk about measures to spur the establishment of a sustainable Hallyu on to advance the cultural industry of Korea. At present, Hallyu in China has factors of strength and opportunity, weakness and threat-strength in that Hallyu’s success has boosted favorability of Korean cultural goods in China and that Korean goods are a harmonious combination of Western and Eastern style, opportunity in that Hallyu has cultural similarities and a solid base of followers, weakness in that prices of Hallyu-related goods are on the rise, ‘killer-content’ is non-existent yet, information about how to spread Hallyu further on the ground is insufficient, threat in that China’s import of Korean cultural goods is falling due to increasingly disapproving attitude of the Chinese people towards Korean cultural goods and widespread counterfeit goods within China. Under these circumstances, making Hallyu more sustainable requires us to build on establishing a governance system, to put more priority on industrial value in our policies for the cultural industry, and to devise strategies to make inroads into the global market by developing novel cultural products of diverse kinds and by nurturing a global media group. Coupled with these efforts, better quality goods by Korean companies and stronger national competitiveness are necessary to properly respond to the Chinese government’s restrictive policies against Hallyu and to maximize the spin-off effect of Hallyu, through various levels of cultural exchange with China.

China is on the crossing point of two modernizations simultaneously, that are on its way to industrial civilization from agricultural civilization, and also the conversion to post-industrial civilization from industrial civilization. Encountering this turning period, therefore, Chinese family business gets lots of challenges and opportunities, and taking its way to survive or to develop. In China, family business is given a great deal of weight on Chinese national economy. Because continuous development and expand of family business takes the same way with economic development of China. Generally, the core characteristics of family owned business are privacy and family management. It means that it has both ownership and management system. In China, except for the few large companies, most of them are owned privately. The portion of private owned family run business is too high to be neglected. This not only improved the total income figure for the China, but it also played a major role in terms of providing more job offers. For the last past 10 years, 90% of new jobs were from family owned firms. Their contribution to the society influenced the nation greatly, became the role model for other firms to benchmark. As for the upcoming challenge for family owned firms, they have to focus on gaining more insight in terms of how they are going to prepare for the future. Current founders of companies should consider more about the new global economic environments since China became a new member of World Trade Organization. It also relates to the matter when founders succeed their business to second generations. Overall, the progress of family owned firms and their succession became China and its people's great interest. However, many experts point out that current management of family business faces some serious problems. Among them, the possibilities of sustainable development of family business are the main issue of research and interest of not only concerned people, but also the researcher about enterprise. Therefore, this paper aims at some practical problems of Chinese family business from Chinese point of view, and also suggests countermeasures about them. And this paper focuses what kind of specific methods is needed to achieve sustainable development especially the development of system about management of family business, establishing conciliatory corporate culture, enhancing the human resources, and finance system, and also the right way to sound development of family business henceforth. The common problems that many Chinese family businesses are facing are following. First, the obscure right of property which is an inevitable consequence of the way of development, second, the lag of the way of the enterprise management behind government enterprises in China and international firms, and the last, the inefficiency about the structure of human resource such as using non-professional personnel which is unique in family business. Chinese family business pursues the sustainable development as a natural, but it cannot get out of the limitation of the closed way of management in fact. Therefore, following methods are needed. The first is the reestablishment of modern social consciousness of members of business, the second is the improvement of staffs’ capabilities, the third is establishing conciliatory corporate culture, the fourth is the close cooperation with an external capital, the fifth is the system reconstruction about efficiency-based management, and the last is the introduction of financial accounting system which is efficient and advanced. These methods seem to helpful means to develop the family business in China. Also these are the conclusions of this research.

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