Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the radiomic model in predicting early (2 years) and late (>2 years) recurrence after curative resection in cases involving a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2-5 cm in diameter using preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in comparison with the clinicopathologic model. Experimental Design: This retrospective study included 167 patients with surgically resected and pathologically confirmed single HCC 2-5 cm in diameter (n ¼ 167, training set:validation set ¼ 128:39) who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI between January 2010 and December 2015. A radiomic model, a clinicopathologic model, and a combined clinicopathologic-radiomic (CCR) model were built using a random survival forest to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in the following conditions: early DFS versus late DFS, dynamic phases, and the peritumoral area included in the segmentation. Results: The radiomic model showed a prognostic performance comparable with the clinicopathologic model only with 3-mm peritumoral border extension [c-index difference (radiomic-clinicopathologic), À0.021, P ¼ 0.758]. The CCR model with the 3-mm border extension showed the highest c-index value but no statistically significant improvement over the clinicopathologic model [CCR, 0.716 (0.627-0.799); clinicopathologic model, 0.696 (0.557-0.799)]. Conclusions: The prognostic value of the preoperative radiomic model with 3-mm border extension showed comparable performance with that of the postoperative clinicopathologic model for predicting DFS of early recurrence of HCC using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. This suggests the importance of including peritumoral changes in the radiomic analysis of HCC.

Surveillance for this emerging disease should be expanded to the outpatient setting.

The effect of active layer (amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide, a‐IGZO) splitting on the performances of back‐channel‐etched (BCE) and etch‐stopper (ES) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on polyimide substrate is studied. While the performance of BCE TFT is independent of active layer splitting, the performance of ES TFT is improved significantly by splitting the active layer into 2–4 µm width along the channel. The saturation mobility is enhanced from 24.3 to 76.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and this improvement is confirmed by the operation of a ring oscillator made of the split TFTs also. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the split a‐IGZO indicates the incorporation of F at the island interface and thus improves the top interface quality, leading to a significant improvement of the top channel TFT mobility from 0.25 to 24.22 cm2 V−1 s−1. This improvement is correlated with bonding of In with F at the top interface according to XPS results. The bias stability, hysteresis, and mechanical stability of the ES a‐IGZO TFT are also remarkably improved by splitting a‐IGZO active layer.

GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGINGF or patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision is currently the standard treatment (1); however, the treatment response varies considerably, from no tumor regression to pathologic complete response (pCR). Following nCRT, approximately 10%-25% of patients achieve pCR, histopathologically showing no residual tumor (2). Considering the surgical complications and excellent long-term outcomes with nCRT alone, a waitand-see strategy with careful regular surveillance could be implemented in a selected group of patients expected to achieve pCR (3-5). Thus, there is an increasing need for the preoperative assessment of pCR to identify candidates for the organ-preserving strategy.Although MRI is the modality of choice for both initial pretreatment evaluation and evaluation of the response to nCRT in patients with rectal cancer, the visual assessment of pCR is still challenging due to the relative scarcity of consensus for an MRI evaluation of the nCRT response (6,7). Consequently, radiomics, providing nonvisual information by extracting many quantitative features from imaging (8,9), has gained popularity to noninvasively predict post-nCRT tumor response in patients with LARC. Previous radiomics models have shown potential results based on pre-and post-nCRT MRI using either T2-weighted imaging (10,11) or multiparametric sequences (12-17). However, these studies had substantial limitations, including an insufficient number of patients for validation and a lack of comparison with MRI interpretation by radiologists. A Background: Preoperative assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is increasingly needed for organ preservation, but large-scale validation of an MRI radiomics model remains lacking.Purpose: To evaluate radiomics models based on T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted MRI for predicting pCR after nCRT in LARC and compare their performance with visual assessment by radiologists. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study included patients with LARC (clinical stage T3 or higher, positive nodal status, or both) who underwent post-nCRT MRI and elective resection between January 2009 and December 2018. Surgical histopathologic analysis was the reference standard for pCR. Radiomic features were extracted from the volume of interest on T2-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from post-nCRT MRI to generate three models: T2 weighted, ADC, and both T2 weighted and ADC (merged). Radiomics signatures were generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with tenfold cross-validation. Three experienced radiologists independently rated tumor regression grades at MRI and compared these with the radiomics models' diagnostic outcomes. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the radiomics models and pooled readers were compared by using the DeLong method.Results: Among 898 patients, 189 (21...