This exploratory study identified specific preferences and characteristics of Korean wine consumers. Relevant literature was reviewed in an attempt to find the most suitable market strategy in the Korean wine market. This study employed samples from members of a Korean wine association (KISA) to identify Korean wine consumers' characteristics and preferences. The study found Korean wine consumers had interesting preferences and that there were some significant differences between these preferences and demographic characteristics among the Korean respondents. The paper offers wine marketers suggestions about what they need to understand in order to attract Korean wine consumers and what may be appropriate and effective wine-marketing strategies and practices in Korea.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the plugging effect on the capacity of open-ended piles installed in sandy soil. Full-scale tests, including dynamic and static axial compression load tests, were carried out on three instrumented piles with different diameters (508.0, 711.2, and 914.4 mm). To measure the outer and inner shaft resistances acting on the piles, a double-walled system was utilized, with instrumented strain gauges on the outside and inside walls of the pile. The results of field tests show that the inner shaft resistance was mostly mobilized at the location between the pile tip and 18%–34% of the total plug length. It was found that the soil plugging in the lower portion has influence on the inner shaft resistance. In addition, it can be also demonstrated that the ratio of inner shaft resistance plus annulus load resistance to total resistance was decreased with increasing pile diameters. The results of these tests show that the relationship between the degree of plugging and pile diameter is clearly established. Direct observations of the soil plugs were made and used to quantify both the plug length ratio (PLR) and the incremental filling ratio (IFR). Based on this result, it was realized that the N value of the standard penetration test (SPT) is highly correlated with the IFR.

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Abstract:Coal fly ash has potential applications in the management of reactive mine tailings. The shear stress versus shear rate curves obtained during viscometer tests are presented to describe the rheological behaviors of tailings slurries mixed with fly ash. The investigation was conducted on specimens prepared with different fly ash additions as well as prepared at variable conditions of temperature, mixing time, and CaCl 2 solution. It was observed that the rheological properties of ash-tailings slurry mixtures are influenced by the hydration of fly ash as well as the particle packing and arrangement. Rheological properties of specimen mixtures were determined from the resulting flow curves using the existing rheological models. The performance of prediction models in calculating the rheological properties of the mixed specimens, as quantified by the root mean square error (RMSE), varied with the mixture constituents, temperature, and time. In general, the Papanastasion, Herschel-Bulkley, Sisko, and Robertson-Stiff models were found to be favorable for use with mixtures of fly ash and tailings slurries, compared to the Bingham, Modified Bingham, Casson, and De Kee models.