Reversibly bound Xe is a sensitive NMR and MRI reporter with its resonance frequency being influenced by the chemical environment of the host. Molecular imaging of enzyme activity presents a promising approach for disease identification, but current Xe biosensing concepts are limited since substrate conversion typically has little impact on the chemical shift of Xe inside tailored cavities. Herein, we exploit the ability of the product of the enzymatic reaction to bind itself to the macrocyclic hosts CB6 and CB7 and thereby displace Xe. We demonstrate the suitability of this method to map areas of enzyme activity through changes in magnetization transfer with hyperpolarized Xe under different saturation scenarios.
Enzyme-activatable optical probes are important for future advances in cancer imaging, but may easily suffer from low signal-to-background ratios unless not optimized. To address this shortcoming, numerous mechanisms to modulate the fluorescence signal have been explored. We report herein newly synthesized probes based on self-immolative linkers containing chiral J-aggregate-forming dyes. Signal modulation by formation of chiral J-aggregates is yet unexplored in optical enzyme probe design. The comprehensive characterization of the probes by absorption, CD, fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy revealed dye-dye interactions not observed for the free dyes in solution as well as dye-protein interactions with the enzyme. This suggested that J-aggregate formation is challenging to achieve with current probe design and that interactions of the dyes with the enzyme may interfere with achieving high signal-to-background ratios. The detailed understanding of the interactions provided herein provides valuable guidelines for the future design of similar probes.
Reversibel gebundenes Xenon ist ein empfindlicher Reporter für die NMR-Spektroskopie und MRT,d essen Resonanzfrequenz durchd ie chemischeU mgebung des Wirtmoleküls beeinflusst wird. Die molekulare Bildgebung von Enzymaktivität ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Identifizierung von Krankheiten, allerdings sind aktuelle Konzepte für Xe-Biosensoren insofern eingeschränkt, als dass die Konvertierung des Substrates gewçhnlich nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die chemischeV erschiebung von Xe innerhalb der maßgeschneiderten Kavität hat. Wir nutzen nun die Fähigkeit des Produktes der enzymatischen Reaktion, selbst an die makrocyclischen Wirtmoleküle CB6 und CB7 zu binden und dabei Xe zu verdrängen. Diese Methode eignet sich dazu, auf Basis von ¾nderungen des Magnetisierungstransfers von hyperpolarisiertem Xe unter verschiedenen Sättigungsbedingungen Bereiche mit Enzymaktivität abzubilden.
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