This meta-analysis examined the associations between five-factor personality model traits and problem gambling. To be eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, studies had to provide effect size data that quantified the magnitude of the association between all five personality traits and problem gambling. Studies also had to use psychometrically sound measures. The meta-analysis included 20 separate samples from 19 studies and 32,222 total participants. The results showed that problem gambling was significantly correlated with the five-factor model of personality. The strongest personality correlate of problem gambling was neuroticism r = .31, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44], followed by conscientiousness r = − .28, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.38,-0.17] ), agreeableness r = − .22, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.34, − 0.10], openness r = − .17, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.22,-0.12], and extraversion r = − .11, p = .024, 95% CI [-0.20,-0.01]. These results suggest problem gamblers tend to share a common personality profile – one that could provide clues as to the most effective ways to prevent and to treat problem gambling.

Problematic social media use consists of use that interferes with individuals’ functioning, such as for example in failing to complete important tasks. A number of studies have investigated the association of trait mindfulness with problematic social media use. This meta-analysis synthesised research from 14 studies and a total of 5355 participants to examine the association between mindfulness and problematic social media use across studies. A lower level of mindfulness was associated with more problematic social media use, with a weighted effect size of r = -.37, 95% CI [-.42, -.33], k = 14, p < .001.

Objective: Despite innovations in contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancies remain common. Researchers have examined psychological approaches to decrease unintended pregnancies through contraceptive use. These interventions have involved applying aspects of social cognitive theory, the health belief model and self-determination theory. Research findings on the effects of these psychological approaches show conflicting evidence. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the impact of these psychological interventions on unintended pregnancies Design: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions intended to prevent unwanted pregnancies through an increase in the use of contraceptive methods Methods: A systematic search of databases and article reference lists led to 26 relevant RCTs with a total of 31,222 participants Results: The odds ratio for pregnancy in the psychological intervention condition = .83, 95% CI [.75, .93]. The results also showed that the longer an intervention's follow-up period was, the less the prevention effect. Quality assessment of included studies indicated that all used a treatment manual and reported attrition. It also showed that most studies reported the reasons for drop-out and assessed the facilitators' adherence to the intervention protocol. The proportion of variability due to chance amongst studies was I 2 = 22%. Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill showed a difference between the observed and the adjusted values. The adjusted

The effectiveness of expressed gratitude interventions in enhancing psychological wellbeing has been explored in a number of studies. The present meta-analysis synthesized results from 25 randomized controlled trials, including a total of 6,745 participants, to examine the effect of expressed gratitude interventions on positive indicators of psychological wellbeing, including life satisfaction, positive affect, and happiness. The results showed that expressed gratitude interventions had a significant effect on psychological wellbeing relative to neutral comparison groups, Hedges’ g = 0.22, 95% CI [0.11, 0.33], p < .001. The significant effects applied to each of the three elements of positive wellbeing. Intervention length and duration from baseline to final assessment did not significantly moderate effect sizes across studies. The present findings indicate that expressed gratitude interventions have value in improving psychological wellbeing.