Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions, such as metabolic diseases. In this context, EVs are considered potential key mediators in the physiopathology of obesity. It has been reported that EVs derived from adipose tissue (ADEVs) contribute to the development of a local inflammatory response that leads to adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition, it has been proposed that EVs are associated with the onset and progression of several obesity-related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. In particular, characterizing the molecular fingerprint of obesity-related ADEVs can provide a bigger picture that better reflects metabolic adaptation though PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Hence, in this review we describe the possible crosstalk communication of ADEVs with metabolically active organs and the intracellular response in the insulin signaling pathway.

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During normal pregnancy, metabolic changes occur causing weight gain and insulin resistance to provide the fetus with substrates for growth and development. Hence, a metabolic plasticity must exist to allow the mother to adapt correctly upon the pregnancy metabolic overload, preventing adverse outcomes like gestational diabetes. The aim of the study was to analyze the metabolic plasticity during pregnancy in women with normal pregestational BMI. Glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol were determined, and indirect calorimetry was performed during fasting and after the consumption of a high‐carbohydrate meal. Fasting triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly higher during the third trimester. Postprandial glucose concentrations were significantly lower at second trimester and higher in third trimester compared to first trimester. There was a significant increase in fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) during the last trimester compared to the first and second trimester. Regarding ΔRQ, there was a significant decrease during the last trimester compared to the first trimester. In conclusion, at the end of pregnancy there is a lower metabolic flexibility, associated with the presence of physiological insulin resistance.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by CONACYT grant FOSISS 2016 # 273110This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.