No abstract

Currently watershed governance still involves many stakeholders from different territories, ranging from local to cross-country, and also, different social, political, cultural, and economic factors. Therefore, this study aims to categorize the themes or concepts related to watershed management studies. Through descriptive analysis and the help of the Nvivo-12 software, 383 Scopus indexed paper articles, which were published by major publishers such as Emerald, MDPI, Sage, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor and Francis, were obtained. The results indicate that there are 155 concepts in the watershed governance study, and they can be categorized into 6 groups. Furthermore, they are also related to dominant themes such as water resources, governance, watershed, environment, local issue, and policy. The significance of this study is the discovery of the concept of watershed governance studies; therefore, it can assist in the development of conceptual frameworks in future studies. Meanwhile, the limitation of this study is that the articles it reviewed were obtained from only the Scopus database, therefore, it does not have comparable data. Consequently, future studies need to use a comparative analysis approach which involves both the Scopus and the Web of Sciences (WoS) databases.

This paper aims to determine the effect of waste management on the reduction of greenhouse gases that relies on end-of-pipe disposal elements. The analysis of this study uses the application of dynamic systems. This study places that the waste management system is not by following the volume of waste generated growth, the availability of resources, environmental conditions in certain social areas, and the increase in gas emissions will continue to increase along the volume of waste. Also, by using a quantitative approach, it was concluded that in general, open-dumping waste does not follow the rules of sanitary landfills. There is no gas collection and processing system so that it pollutes the atmosphere, and the absence of leachate collection and processing systems results in soil pollution and surface water. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the waste sector can be reduced by implementing waste treatment by recycling. Waste recycling has been carried out by the community and the City of Sanitation and Landscaping Office (DKP) of Malang City by increasing its capacity, GHG emissions can be reduced by 85.15% of GHG emissions in the initial conditions.

Indonesia is one of the largest Muslim democratic countries in the world. However, practically, there are many barriers making some scholars doubt that Islamic teachings support or relevant to the democratic system. The purposes of the article are (1) to examine the concept of democracy in Islamic vew and (2) to analysis the phenomenon of Islamic politics in Post-Suharto, Indonesia. The result of the study addressed that (1) Islamic teachings are relevant to a democratic system; (2) there are many Islamic parties contested in the election in Post-Suharto Indonesia, however, only several of Islamic parties exist

This study aims to explore the relationship between local government and civic groups in the budget planning process of the government of Malang during 2015. Using a grounded theory approach, qualitative methods are applied in this study. The unit of the study is Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Malang is selected as the unit of study because of the many civic groups. The findings of this study show that there exists a relationship between local government and civic groups but that the relationship does not represent the principles of democracy (equality, participation, and justice) in the budget planning. Local government has dominated civic groups in budget planning so that the budget policy does not take public interest into consideration. However, civic groups such as Malang Corruption Watch (MCW) and Education Forum of Society (FMPP) have developed different strategies to develop collective lobbying to direct the development of public awareness through education. These findings contribute to developing budget planning in Malang that establishes a democratic budget policy process that is more responsive to public needs. The local government should realize that public participation is a way to achieve democratic budget process. In this context, elected and appointed officials should provide access for civic groups to be involved in all stages of budget planning. At the same time, civic groups should build civic awareness and a willingness to participate in budget planning.