Resumo Este estudo comparou avaliações de mães e professoras, sobre habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento de crianças, identificadas pelas professoras, como tendo problemas de comportamento. Participaram mães e professoras de 24 crianças com problemas de comportamento e 24 crianças indicadas como sendo socialmente habilidosas. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Comportamentos Socialmente Adequados e a Escala Comportamental Infantil, versões para pais e professores. Os principais resultados foram: (a) mães e professoras de crianças sem problemas não diferiram na avaliação das habilidades sociais, mas diferiram quanto aos problemas, percebidos em nível mais alto pelas mães; (b) mães e professoras de crianças com problemas diferiram na avaliação dos problemas de comportamento e das habilidades sociais; as mães perceberam mais habilidades e menos problemas; (c) diferenças de gênero foram encontradas apenas para problemas de comportamento das crianças com problemas. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ter diferentes informantes, em diferentes contextos, na avaliação do comportamento de crianças. Palavras-chave: Problemas de comportamento; habilidades sociais; avaliação por mães e professoras.
RESUMO.Comportamentos socialmente habilidosos promovem o desenvolvimento, ao passo que problemas de comportamento dificultam o acesso a novas contingências de reforçamento, facilitadoras da aquisição de repertórios de aprendizagem. Esta pesquisa investiga avaliações maternas de repertórios socialmente "desejados" e "indesejados" de crianças que, segundo o professor, apresentam problemas de comportamento. Participaram mães de 24 crianças indicadas pelo professor como tendo problemas de comportamento e mães de 24 crianças indicadas como tendo comportamentos socialmente "desejados". O Questionário de Comportamentos Socialmente Desejados e a Escala Comportamental Infantil de Rutter foram aplicados nas residências das participantes. Os resultados indicaram mais problemas de comportamento externalizante no grupo previamente indicado como tendo problemas; os grupos não diferiram quanto a comportamentos "desejados". Em ambos os grupos, as crianças obtiveram altos escores de comportamentos socialmente desejados, apontando reservas comportamentais. Também em ambos foram identificadas crianças que poderiam ser beneficiadas com programas para a promoção de interações sociais mais equilibradas, prevenindo problemas de comportamento.Palavras-chave: problemas de comportamento, habilidades sociais, avaliação de comportamentos sociais. MOTHERS ASSESS SOCIALLY "DESIRABLE" AND "UNDESIRABLE" BEHAVIOR OF KINDERGARTENERSABSTRACT. Socially desirable behaviors promote development but behavior problems prevent the access to new reinforcement contingencies that could facilitate the acquisition of relevant learning repertoires. This work investigated assessments of mothers concerning socially "desirable" and "undesirable" behaviors in children whose teachers identified as having behavior problems. The sample consisted of 24 mothers of children indicated as having behavioral problems, and 24 mothers of children indicated as presenting socially desirable behaviors. Data about children's behaviors were collected during a home interview, when the Socially Desired Behavior Questionnaire and the Rutter Scale for Parents were filled out.Results indicated more externalized behavior problems among children previously identified as having problems, but there was no group difference in socially desirable behavior. Children in both groups had high socially desirable behavior scores, thus showing behavioral resources. Nevertheless, in both groups there were children who could benefit from programs to promote more balanced social interactions in order to prevent behavioral problems.
Perhaps due to its origins in a production scheduling software called Optimised Production Technology (OPT), plus the idea of focusing on system constraints, many believe that the Theory of Constraints (TOC) has a vocation for optimal solutions. Those who assess TOC according to this perspective indicate that it guarantees an optimal solution only in certain circumstances. In opposition to this view and founded on a numeric example of a production mix problem, this paper shows, by means of TOC assumptions, why the TOC should not be compared to methods intended to seek optimal or the best solutions, but rather sufficiently good solutions, possible in non-deterministic environments. Moreover, we extend the range of relevant literature on product mix decision by introducing a heuristic based on the uniquely identified work that aims at achieving feasible solutions according to the TOC point of view. The heuristic proposed is tested on 100 production mix problems and the results are compared with the responses obtained with the use of Integer Linear Programming. The results show that the heuristic gives good results on average, but performance falls sharply in some situations.
This work analyzes the correlation between the technology management of products and processes and the environmental management, in manufacture companies. Leaving from a simplified conceptual model, and doing deployment of the dimensions technology management and environmental management, it was possible to analyze several concepts available in the literature for these fields, involving 78 manufacture companies, through "survey research project" and "qualitative research project", regarding also the technology capability of the organization through the new concepts of microtecnologia and macrotecnologia related in Silva (2003). It concluded that, inside the field searched of companies, there is a positive correlation between the levels of technology capability and environmental capability.
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