We discuss definable compactifications and topological dynamics.

We analyze model-theoretic connected components in extensions of a given group by abelian groups which are defined by means of 2-cocycles with finite image. We characterize, in terms of these 2-cocycles, when the smallest type-definable subgroup of the corresponding extension differs from the smallest invariant subgroup. In some situations, we also describe the quotient of these two connected components.Using our general results about extensions of groups together with Matsumoto-Moore theory or various quasi-characters considered in bounded cohomology, we obtain new classes of examples of groups whose smallest type-definable subgroup of bounded index differs from the smallest invariant subgroup of bounded index. This includes the first known example of a group with this property found by Conversano and Pillay, namely the universal cover of SL 2 (R) (intepreted in a monster model), as well as various examples of different nature, e.g. some central extensions of free groups or of fundamental groups of closed orientable surfaces. We also obtain a variant of the example of Conversano and Pillay for SL 2 (Z) instead of SL 2 (R) , which (as most of our examples) was not accessible by the previously known methods.

We give a general exposition of model theoretic connected components of groups. We show that if a group G has NIP, then there exists the smallest invariant (over some small set) subgroup of G with bounded index (Theorem 5.3). This result extends a theorem of Shelah from [21]. We consider also in this context the multiplicative and the additive groups of some rings (including infinite fields).

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