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BackgroundFOXP1 is a pleiotropic protein that plays important roles in immune responses (B-cell development regulation and differentiation of monocyte), organ development (cardiac valves, lung, and esophagus), and neuronal development. Besides being the primary regulator of normal human tissue development, FOXP1 also plays a role in tumorigenesis. However, the potential value of FOXP1 expression in tumor prognosis remains controversial. FOXP1 expression was assessed in tumor cells (TCs) and stromal cells (SCs) of cutaneous melanomas with the aim of analyzing the associations between FOXP1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. We believe this article to be the first report analyzing the correlations between FOXP1 expression and clinicopathological, as well as histological, characteristics in melanoma.Materials and methodsIn total, 96 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary cutaneous melanoma tissue specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for FOXP1, and the results were correlated with classical clinicopathological features and patient survival.ResultsFOXP1 overexpression in TCs was strongly associated with the presence of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (p=0.0003, OR=11.66) and positive status of regional lymph nodes (p=0.0006, OR=22.15). In 96% (52 of 54) of patients presenting with low FOXP1 expression, no clinical or histopathological features of lymphatic dissemination were observed. However, thinner and nonulcerated tumors were reported to have increased numbers of FOXP1-positive SCs. In addition, a strong association was observed between FOXP1 upregulation in SCs and the absence of regional lymph node metastases. There was a significant correlation between FOXP1 upregulation in TCs and shorter cancer-specific overall survival (log-rank test, p=0.0040) and disease-free survival (log-rank test, p=0.0021). FOXP1 expression was confirmed in multivariate analysis as a factor that significantly unfavorably impacts prognosis in melanoma patients (HR=3.14, p=0.0299, adjusted for age, Breslow thickness, and sex).ConclusionThe findings from this study indicate that FOXP1 has a major role in melanoma progression, which makes it a candidate for molecular target-based cancer therapy.

(1) Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) (PARP1) is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in several cellular processes, e.g., DNA damage repair, regulation of mitosis, and immune response. Little is known about the role of PARP1 in melanoma development and progression. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma through evaluation of mRNA and protein levels of PARP1 in normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines, as well as in patients’ tissue material from surgical resections. (2) Methods: An in vitro model was based on two types of normal human melanocytes (HEMn-DP and HEMn-LP) and four melanoma cell lines (A375, WM1341D, Hs294T, and WM9). PARP1 mRNA gene expression was estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas the protein level of PARP1 was evaluated by fluorescence confocal microscopy and then confirmed by Western Blotting analysis. The expression of PARP1 was also assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 128 primary cutaneous melanoma patients and correlated with follow-up and clinicopathologic features. (3) Results: The in vitro study showed that melanoma cells exhibited significantly higher PARP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels than normal melanocytes. High PARP1 expression was also associated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. Elevated nuclear PARP1 expression in patients without nodal metastases strongly correlated with significantly shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.0015) and revealed a trend with shorter cancer-specific overall survival (p = 0.05). High PARP1 immunoreactivity in the lymph node-negative group of patients was significantly associated with higher Breslow tumor thickness, presence of ulceration, and a higher mitotic index (p = 0.0016, p = 0.023, and p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with nodal metastases, high PARP1 expression significantly correlated with the presence of microsatellitosis (p = 0.034), but we did not confirm the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in these patients. In the entire analyzed group of patients (with and without nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis), PARP1 expression was associated with a high mitotic index (p = 0.001) and the presence of ulceration (p = 0.036). Moreover, in patients with elevated PARP1 expression, melanoma was more frequently located in the skin of the head and neck region (p = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, high PARP1 expression was an independent unfavorable prognosticator in lymph node-negative cutaneous melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: In vitro molecular biology approaches demonstrated enhanced PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma. These results were confirmed by the immunohistochemical study with clinical parameter analysis, which showed that a high level of PARP1 correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome. These observations raise the potential role of PARP1 inhibitor-based therapy in cutaneous melanoma.

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Introduction. Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of genetically determined disorders manifesting in the developmental malfunction of ectodermal structures: teeth, hair, nails and skin glands. Objective. We present the case of a 22-month-old boy with diagnosed hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and the literature review. Case report. A 22-month-old boy was admitted to the Dermatology Department because of severe itching and erythematous skin patches in flexural areas. During the physical examination, in addition to skin lesions, hypodontia, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis were found. The diagnosis of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was established. As the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka were met, the boy was also diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Conclusions. Although hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a condition with good prognosis, a wide range of associated facial abnormalities, dental problems and other concomitant defects make patients' quality of life markedly impaired. Patients and their families need dental implant surgery, treatment of co-morbidities, psychological counselling and support. streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Dysplazje ektodermalne to grupa uwarunkowanych genetycznie zaburzeń rozwojowych objawiających się nieprawidłowościami w obrębie struktur pochodzenia ektodermalnego: zębów, włosów, paznokci i gruczołów skóry. Cel pracy. Celem pracy jest prezentacja przypadku 22-miesięcznego chłopca z rozpoznaną hipohydrotyczną dysplazją ektodermalną oraz przegląd literatury dotyczącej tej choroby. Opis przypadku. Chłopiec 22-miesięczny został przyjęty na oddział dermatologiczny w celu przeprowadzenia diagnostyki i leczenia świądu oraz zmian skórnych. Badanie fizykalne wykazało suchość skóry oraz rumieniowe zmiany z widoczną lichenifikacją w okolicach zgięciowych. Dodatkowo wykryto nieprawidłowy rozwój zębów i włosów oraz zaburzenia termoregulacji w postaci nietolerancji wysokich temperatur. Ustalono rozpoznanie hipohydrotycznej dysplazji ektodermalnej oraz atopowego zapalenia skóry. Wnioski. Hipohydrotyczna dysplazja ektodermalna to choroba o dobrym rokowaniu. Pacjenci i ich rodziny wymagają jednak specjalistycznej opieki stomatologiczno-implantologicznej, poradnictwa w zakresie