The main objective of this study was to assess the pharmacological efficacy of ointments containing 1% propolis and 1% nanosilver, compared to the conventional treatment of burn wounds. In the evaluation of the results, we used clinical observation of scars, microbiological examinations, pathomorphological examinations, and analysis of free radicals. The analysis of the experiment results concerning the therapeutic effectiveness of the propolis ointment revealed its wide-ranging antibacterial action (against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). The 1% propolis ointment was found to accelerate neoangiogenesis and epithelialization, have a positive effect on the healing of burn wounds, improve the cosmetic look of scars, and have no side-effects. The analysis of free radicals in burn wounds showed impressive activity of the 1% nanosilver ointment in the reduction of free radicals. No synergism of pharmacological activity of propolis and nanosilver was shown. A comparative evaluation of the acquired research material allows us to provide a favorable opinion on the topical treatment of burn wounds with 1% propolis. The obtained results show that the 1% propolis ointment reduces healing time, offers antimicrobial action, and has a positive effect on the normal process of scar formation.

MicroRNAs are non-coding segments of RNA involved in the epigenetic modulation of various biological processes. Their occurrence in biological fluids, such as blood, saliva, tears, and breast milk, has drawn attention to their potential influence on health and disease development. Hundreds of microRNAs have been isolated from breast milk, yet the evidence on their function remains inconsistent and inconclusive. The rationale for the current scoping review is to map the evidence on the occurrence, characterization techniques, and functional roles of microRNAs in breast milk. The review of the sources of this evidence highlights the need to address methodological challenges to achieve future advances in understanding microRNAs in breast milk, particularly their role in conditions such as neoplasms. Nonetheless, remarkable progress has been made in characterizing the microRNA profiles of human breast milk.

The recommendations present current methods of treatment that may be subject to modification and change in justified cases, after careful analysis of the given clinical situation. In the future, this may be the basis for their modification and updating. EPIDEMIOLOGYMost teenage pregnancies are related to unprotected intercourse and early sexual initiation. It is a global problem, 259 Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop et al., The PTGiP's Expert Group Recommendations regarding adolescent pregnancy www. journals.viamedica.pl/ginekologia_polskawith nearly 16 million teenage girls aged 15-19 and two million girls under 15 becoming pregnant each year. According to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) data for highly developed countries, the country with the lowest percentage of births per 1,000 pregnant women under 20 is South Korea -2.9, and the highest in the USA -52.1. For Poland the indicator is 18.7 [2][3][4]. It should be remembered that adolescent pregnancy is associated with more complications and risk of maternal and child death. Based on the available data, it is the leading cause of death for adolescents aged 15-19 years in the world [5][6][7]. Increased mortality is also associated with poorly performed abortions that led to permanent damage to health, complications or outright death, it is reported that 5.6 million abortions are performed annually on girls aged 15-19, of which 3.9 million are improperly performed [1][2][3]7].The young age of the mother leads to an increased risk of systemic infection, eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, premature birth and is also associated with low birth weight and severe neonatal morbidity [5].It is worth noticing that according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, in Scandinavian countries where access to contraception and abortion is very easy, it is reflected in the rate of underage pregnancies, which is much lower compared to other countries [1].General Statistics of Poland (GUS, Główny Urząd Statystyczny) data for 2020, state that in Poland mothers aged 19 and under gave birth to 7118 children. This compares to 11,230 in 2016 for the same age group. Year on year, we are seeing a downward trend in our country [6].

Preeclampsia and hypertension complicate several pregnancies. Identifying women at risk of developing these conditions is essential to establish potential treatment modalities. Biomarkers such as C19MC microRNA in pregnant patients wopuld assist in defining pregnancy surveillance and implementing interventions. This study sought to analyze circulating C19MC microRNA as an early marker of hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnant patients. A systematic review was undertaken using the following registers: disease registries, pregnancy registries, and pregnancy exposure registries, and the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane technique. From the 45 publications retrieved from the registers and databases, only 21 were included in the review after the removal of duplicates, screening, and eligibility evaluation. All 210 publications had a low risk of bias and illuminated the potential use of circulating C19MC microRNA as an early marker of hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnant patients. Therefore, it was concluded that C19MC microRNA can be used as an early marker of gestational preeclampsia and hypertension.

This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited.Articles in "Ginekologia Polska" are listed in PubMed.