In order to study the effect of different densities of planting on yield and essential oil components of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill Var. Soroksary), an experiment was carried out in college of agriculture Karaj at 2008. Experiment was conducted based on completely randomized block design with three replication and five plant densities. Five plants spaces were 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30cm on the row. The distance between rows in all treatments was 40cm. The essential oil extracted by water distilled method from seeds and essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The higher essential oil percentage (% 3.53) was obtained with the lowest densities of planting.The higher percentage of anethole (%83.07), estragol (%3.47), fenchone (%8.04), p-cymene (%4.45), -terpinene (%0.54), sabinene (%0.51), and -Pinene (%0.48) were obtained with space between plants 25, 10, 20, 20, 15, 20, and 25cm, respectively.

Determination of physical and mechanical properties of seeds and agricultural products is important in the design of harvesting, handling, and processing equipment. Some physical and mechanical properties of fennel seed were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 7.78-21.67% d.b. The average length, width and thickness were 58.87, 18.96 and 15.64 mm, at a moisture content of 7.78 %d.b., respectively. In the moisture range from 7.78% to 21.67% d.b., studies on rewetted fennel seed showed that the thousand seed weight increased from 5.5 to 9.2 g, the porosity from 55.91% to 62.21%, the static and dynamic angle of repose from 37.6 to 46.6 and 41 to 53.3, respectively, the coefficient of friction on glass, plywood, and galvanized iron sheet surfaces from 0.55 to 0.74, 0.45 to 0.63, and 0.43 to 0.66, respectively, and deformation on width section increased from 1.68 to 1.86 mm. The bulk density decreased from 413.51 to 352.39 kg m-3 and rupture force on both seed length and width sections decreased from 198.93 to 78.68 N, and 600.65 to 186.44 N, respectively, with moisture content in the moisture range of 7.78 to 21.67% d.b. But there was not regular trend for sphericity, true density, and deformation on length section with increasing the moisture content.

In order to study the effect of different densities of planting on yield, yield components and morphological characters of Fennel, an experiment was carried out in Karaj College of agriculture at 2008. Experiment was conducted based on completely randomized block design with three replications and five plant densities. Five plants spaces were 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30cm. Results indicated that the effect of plant density was not significant on the plant height, seed length and thousand seed weight. However, the effect of plant density on yield, number of umbel per plant and number of main branches was significant in 1% level. Maximum yield (2/431kg/plot), minimum number umbel per plant (67.26), and also minimum number of main branches (3/8) were obtained with maximum plant density. While minimum yield (1/315kg/plot), maximum umbel per plant (166.86) and maximum number of main branches (7/3) were obtained with minimum plant density.

Introduction Kurdistan Provence west of Iran is the most important habitat of strawberry Fragaria ananassa Duch. in Iran. Strawberry anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, is one of the main pre-harvest and post-harvest diseases that affect strawberry production in Iran. Several species of Colletotrichum such as C. acutatum J.H Simmonds, C. fragariae Brooks, C. gloeosporioides Penz , and C. nymphaeae Pass. cause strawberry anthracnose disease 1. C. nymphaeae is one of the important pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose diseases in Kurdistan province, Iran. This widespread, aggressive species 2 is a limiting factor in strawberry production. The symptoms appear on the aerial parts of the strawberry plant i.e., stolon, petiole, flower, fruit, leaf, and crown , especially fruit decay such as sunken lesions and conidial ooze on fruits 1. Resistance cultivar to this fungus has not been found and reported in Iran yet. Application of chemical fungicides on fruit against the disease is limited and

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