Fisheries in Semarang City are dominated by small-scale fisheries. This is indicated by the use of the largest fishing fleet of 10 gross tons operating near the coast. This study aims to analyze the status of small-scale fisheries in Semarang City for sustainable management. Sustainable management is management that guarantees the availability of natural resources and environmental services for future generations. The study was conducted for three months, namely September-November 2018 in the coastal waters of Semarang City, which was part of the Fisheries Management Region (WPP) 712. The method used in this study is the analysis of time series surplus production, namely data from the catch (ton/year) and the number of fishing gear (unit) within 10 years (2007-2016), to calculate the catch per-unit effort (CPUE), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), optimum effort (fopt), utilization rate (TP) and capacity level (TK). This study was obtained results of a downward trend in CPUE; the existing fishery catch or production in 2016 has exceeded the MSY value is 479 tons/year (Schaefer) and 439.11 tons/year (Fox); utilization rate of more than 100% which is 108-127% (Schaefer) and 118-138% (Fox), so that small-scale fisheries in Semarang City are at the level of over-exploited. Based on the fopt analysis, the number of fishing gear used (fexisting) has exceeded the optimum effort with a fishing capacity exceeding 100%, so that small-scale fisheries in Semarang City have experienced overcapacity.

Overfishing can occur in open access fisheries, where fishermen conduct fishing activities without restrictions. Fisheries management based on biological factors alone (Maximum Sustainable Yield approach) is considered inadequate because it does not consider socio-economic aspects in fisheries management. The study aims to analyze the utilization of small-scale fishery resources in Semarang City and determine its policies to be sustainable. Bioeconomic analysis was used to optimize the utilization of fishery resources. Small-scale fisheries management strategic policies, used analysis of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed utilization of small scale fishery resources in Semarang City can be achieved with optimal production of anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) 1,477.79 tons/year and optimal effort of 324 units; optimal production of Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) 235.96 tons/year and optimal effort of 516 units; optimal production of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) 28.51 tons/year and optimal effort of 479 units; and optimal production of Petek (Leiognathus sp.) 25.54 tons/year and optimal effort of 847 units. In conclusion, the Anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2007-2008; Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) resources overfishing occurred from 2009-2015; and Petek (Leiognathus sp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2014-2016; while Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) resources have not experienced overfishing because they are not the main target. The key sub-elements of small-scale fisheries management in Semarang City include: a) fishermen; b) Semarang City Fisheries Agency; c) overcapacity; d) decreasing catches; e) environmentally unfriendly arrests; f) ineffective regulation; g) conservation fish resources; h) increasing fishermen's income; i) limitation environmentally unfriendly fishing gear. Keywords: bioeconomic, fisheries, management, MEY, Maximum Sustainable Yield

Small-scale fisheries in Semarang City have complex problems. In the existing condition, overcapacity and over-exploited have occurred. At the level of sustainability, each aspect of management (environment, fish resources, facilities and technology, socioeconomic, institutional and governance) is a challenge to achieve sustainable fisheries management in Semarang City. This study aims to formulate a sustainability strategy for small-scale fisheries management in Semarang City. The sustainability strategies for small-scale fisheries management in Semarang City that can be formulated are: (1) increasing efforts to conserve fish resources and ecosystems; (2) increasing the income and welfare of fishermen and poverty alleviation; (3) increase the productivity of capture fisheries; (4) improve law enforcement/fisheries regulations.

Perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang memegang peranan penting, karena keseluruhan armada penangkapan yang ada merupakan skala kecil (< 10 GT). Namun keberadaannya kurang mendapat perhatian, karena kontribusi sektor perikanan terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kota Semarang tergolong kecil. Perkembangan jumlah unit penangkapan pada perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang setiap tahun selalu meningkat, sementara di sisi lain hasil tangkapan atau produksi perikanan mulai menurun sejak tahun 2017 sampai sekarang. Masih terdapatnya pengoperasian alat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan, seperti halnya arad (sejenis pukat), dan implementasi dari kebijakan peraturan perundangan yang belum efektif menjadikan permasalahan perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang ini semakin kompleks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji elemen kebijakan strategis pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang berdasarkan elemen aktor, elemen kendala, elemen kebutuhan, dan elemen program agar berkelanjutan. Metode analisis data digunakan teknik Intrepretative Structural Modelling (ISM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat empat elemen sistem dalam kebijakan strategis pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang, yaitu elemen aktor, elemen kendala, elemen kebutuhan, dan elemen program. Aktor utama dalam pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kota Semarang adalah nelayan dan Dinas Perikanan Kota Semarang dengan kendala utamanya, yaitu kelebihan kapasitas penangkapan, penurunan hasil tangkapan, penangkapan tidak ramah lingkungan dan regulasi belum efektif kebutuhan utamanya adalah perlunya konservasi sumberdaya ikan dan peningkatan pendapatan nelayan serta program utamanya, yaitu pembatasan alat tangkap tidak ramah lingkungan.