HSLA-65 (ASTM A945) is a new structural steel of interest to the Navy shipbuilding community. The feasibility of joining the alloy by the friction stir welding (FSW) process was assessed. Single-pass weldments in 6.4-mm plates and two-pass weldments in 12.7-mm plates were successfully made. The FS weldments were evaluated by performing transverse tensile and bend tests; hardness, Charpy V-notch toughness, and salt spray corrosion testing; and metallographic evaluations. The weldments exhibited satisfactory transverse weld tensile strength, ductility, Charpy Vnotch toughness, and hardness. Visual examination revealed no difference in salt spray corrosion rates between the stir zone, the heat-affected zone, and the parent material. The results indicate that FSW does indeed have potential for joining ferrous alloys in shipbuilding, which should promote further efforts in this area.

When left pneumonectomy was performed on 9-week-old puppies, the right lung increased in weight, volume, surface area, and number of alveoli so that at age 20 weeks these variables were the same as those of both lungs of control animals and significantly larger than those of the right lung of control animals. The adaptive response of the right lung after pneumonectomy was greater in the lower lobe than in the middle or cardiac lobes. The number of alveoli per ml and the average interalveolar wall distance, hence the surface to volume ratio, was the same in both lungs of control animals and the same in the cardiac, middle, and lower lobes of their right lungs.After pneumonectomy in experimental animals, the contralateral lung increases in volume, weight, collagen content, protein and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to approximate to the values in both lungs of control animals.1-12 There are conflicting views on the effect of pneumonectomy on alveolar multiplication,3 4 6 8 10 11 13-19 and these have been reviewed elsewhere.19 In part, the reason for the controversy stems from older and less rigorous methods of counting alveoli, but also results from inherent practical and theoretical difficulties in counting alveoli and calculating alveoli per unit volume.'9 20In general, alveolar surface area increases directly with lung volume after pneumonectomy rather than to the 2/3 power which would be expected by simple overinflation, suggesting increased complexity of alveolar surface. This could be brought about either by lengthening of alveolar septa'8 19 or increased alveolar number.'9 We found that, after pneumonectomy in 10-week-old rabbits, the contralateral lung increased in volume, surface area, and alveolar number to the levels of these variables in both lungs of controls four weeks later.10 In rats, the adaptive response was less complete; when pneumonectomy was performed at 12 weeks of age, the relative response to the contralateral lung was less than when pneumonectomy was performed at 4 to 8 weeks of age.'9 Statistically significant alveolar multiplication did not occur when pneumonectomy was performed at 12 weeks of age.The only previous study in dogs showed that the average alveolar diameter was increased in the contralateral lung of two adult dogs after pneumonec- tomy but not when pneumonectomy was performed on three puppies.'4 These data suggest that alveolar multiplication occurs after pneumonectomy in puppies but not in adult dogs. Dogs are highly suitable animals for the study of lung mechanics and gas exchange and we wondered what the adaptive response would be to pneumonectomy performed in puppies. In this paper we describe the morphological findings. MethodsLeft pneumonectomy was performed on four male and four female mongrel puppies, 9 weeks old. Three male and four female mongrel puppies of the same age, litter mates of the experimental animals, underwent similar anaesthesia and a chest wall incision without entering the pleural cavity. It has been shown that collapse of the lung will induce...

ICU telemedicine uses audiovisual conferencing technology to provide critical care from a remote location. Research is needed to best define the optimal use of ICU telemedicine, but efforts are hindered by methodological challenges and the lack of an organized delivery approach. We convened an interdisciplinary working group to develop a research agenda in ICU telemedicine, addressing both methodological and knowledge gaps in the field. To best inform clinical decision-making and health policy, future research should be organized around a conceptual framework that enables consistent descriptions of both the study setting and the telemedicine intervention. The framework should include standardized methods for assessing the preimplementation ICU environment and describing the telemedicine program. This framework will facilitate comparisons across studies and improve generalizability by permitting context-specific interpretation. Research based on this framework should consider the multidisciplinary nature of ICU care and describe the specific program goals. Key topic areas to be addressed include the effect of ICU telemedicine on the structure, process, and outcome of critical care delivery. Ideally, future research should attempt to address causation instead of simply associations and elucidate the mechanism of action in order to determine exactly how ICU telemedicine achieves its effects. ICU telemedicine has significant potential to improve critical care delivery, but high-quality research is needed to best inform its use. We propose an agenda to advance the science of ICU telemedicine and generate research with the greatest potential to improve patient care.

Studies in experimental arteriosclerosis have indicated that the relative level of serum lipid phosphorus may be as significant a factor as the absolute level of serum cholesterol in the production of arterial lesions. For this reason, the serum lipid pattern of 82 patients with coronary arteriosclerosis has been compared with that of 112 healthy adults. An elevation of the serum cholesterol, serum lipid phosphorus and the serum cholesterol-lipid phosphorus molar ratio has been found in most of the patients with coronary arteriosclerosis.