VAs may arise from the base or middle portion of the APM and are characterized by an RBBB and RIA QRS morphology and focal mechanism. Catheter ablation of APM VAs is typically challenging, and creation of a deep radiofrequency lesion may be necessary for long-term success.

The transmural activation sequence in SR and LDVF is markedly different between pigs and dogs. These differences may be related to differences in Purkinje fiber and ion channel distributions and suggest that dogs are a better model for investigating activation sequences during LDVF, given the similarities with humans.

No abstract

Background-Earliest recorded post-shock myocardial activations in pigs originate in the subepicardium of the apex and lateral free wall of the left ventricle (LV) 30−90 ms after the shock.

No abstract