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This study examines the vocabulary density and the frequency of unique and repeated lines of a contemporary manaschi in oral performance and in print. Transcriptions of audiovisual recordings of Talantaaly Bakchiev (b. 1971) performing are compared with two volumes of Manas narratives that he published. The research reveals that the published versions have a higher vocabulary density than the oral performance, have a greater percentage of unique lines and less repetitions. This suggests that the medium in which the metrical narrative is presented is reflected in the language, and indications of orality are absent from written variants.

This paper shows how computer-assisted text analysis can greatly aid the field of Manas Studies. Though general patterns can be noted through traditional means of analysis, quantifying textual variants sidesteps the use of vague general impressions by providing statistical data that can permit more specific and nuanced insights. In addition to illuminating individual performances and performers via comparison, this method can further research into the topic including attribution, and measuring the impact of variables. The paper then proposes possible research into specific elements to deal with an ever-growing corpus, and stresses the potential findings and fresh perspectives from using large-scale computer-assisted corpus analysis.

The violence that occurred in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary at the start of the First Crusade in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary appears in several of the works produced in the outpouring of literature that followed the capture of Jerusalem. Examination of these writings reveals ecclesiastic authors inserting exegesis, exempla, allusion, and aff abulation into their retellings. These inclusions countered criticism of those who fl ed, stressed communal Benedictine values, and crafted an understanding of the events and the new Crusade movement. Study of these depictions of the chaotic events in the semi-Christianized territory on the periphery of the Latin West reveals the development in presentation and reception of the crusade.

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