Abstract. The present paper reviews existing knowledge with regard to Organic Aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defines critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties. All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous particles and SOA precursor gases are summarized. The up-to-date understanding of the chemical formation and transformation of condensable organic material is outlined. Knowledge on the hygroscopicity of OA and measurements of optical properties of the organic aerosol constituents are summarized. The mechanisms of interactions of OA with clouds and dry and wet removal processes parameterisations in global models are outlined. This information is synthesized to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosol. The sources of uncertainties at each step of this process are highlighted as areas that require further studies.

Fluorescence maxima, fluorescence quantum yields, electrode potentials, and electrogene~ated chemiluminescence (ecl) of 16 t-stilbene derivatives such as substituted indenes and dihydronaphthalenes (DHNP) are reported. Both indenes and DHNP's were found to have greatly enhanced fluorescence quantum yields in comparison to t-stilbene. Twelve single systems of 16 compounds gave ecl mostly attributed to the singlet excited state. With tri-ptolylamine (TPTA) added as a source of cation radical, most of the systems produced ecl having shorter wavelength emission corresponding to the singlet excited state of the t-stilbene derivatives and longer wavelength emission attributed to the exciplex. The ecl intensities with respect to the possible applications are discussed.Eleetrogenerated chemiluminescence (ecl) is a process where the electrochemically generated radical species, usually cation and anion radicals, annihilate to give an excited state molecule, which subsequently emits light (1, 2). Due to its uniqueness in exciting molecules, several possible applications have been sug-H\ gested and discussed (3-9). In our continuing effort c=c /-* Electrochemical Society Active Member.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author AJA carried out the field study, soil and laboratory analysis, statistical analysis and helped to draft the manuscript. Authors JWVM and SOA conceived the study, performed the statistical analysis, participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

No abstract

This article develops a data-driven forecast of repair parts for the M109A6 Paladin self-propelled 155 mm howitzer, and this forecast drives a discrete-event simulation to assess requirements for Additive Manufacturing (AM) to be a feasible part of the U.S. Army's expeditionary supply chain. Actual part demand from the initial invasion of Iraq in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) feeds a sample-path-based forecasting method to obtain part demand for each scenario. A simulation of a conceptualized deployed Army 3D-printing facility integrated into the supply chain evaluates the performance and feasibility of the different operational policies. Results indicate current technology could support one battery (or smaller unit) for parts below 100 cubic inches while keeping performance comparable with OIF. These results are incorporated in realistic recommendations for how the Army can potentially improve its supply chain practices with this progressive technology.