Dehydration, a common practice among competitive athletes in sports including weight classes, has uncertain effects on strength. This study examined the effects of passive dehydration (D, approximately 2 hours in a sauna) followed by rehydration (R, approximately 2 hours of rest with water ad libitum) on bench press one-repetition maximum (1RM). Ten weight-trained males (x +/- SE; age = 25 +/- 1 years; mass = 85.5 +/- 5.2 kg; height = 173.5 +/- 1.7 cm; body fat = 17.8 +/- 2.2%; 1RM = 118 +/- 8 kg) completed 2 testing sessions (E1/E2 and D/R) consisting of, respectively, 2 euhydration 1RM measurements separated by 2 hours of rest; and D 1RM followed by R 1RM. Testing sessions were administered in counterbalanced order and separated by 1 week. D resulted in increases (p < 0.005) in body temperature, urine specific gravity, hematocrit, and hemoglobin (calculated 8% decrease in plasma volume) as well as decreased body mass (p < 0.005). 1RM was decreased following D (111.4 +/- 7.2 kg) compared to both E1 (118 +/- 7.6 kg, p = 0.0015) and R (117.3 +/- 7.8 kg, p = 0.0023), with no significant difference between E1 and R. A significant association (r = -0.67, p < 0.05) was observed between percent lean body mass (%LBM) and the change in 1RM following D. In conclusion, passive dehydration resulting in approximately 1.5% loss of body mass adversely affects bench press 1RM performance. The adverse affects of dehydration seem to be overcome by a 2-hour rest period and water consumption.

This study examined the electromyographic (EMG) response of the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), internal obliques (IOs), external obliques (EOs), and the rectus femoris (RF) during various abdominal exercises (crunch, supine V-up, prone V-up on ball, prone V-up on slide board, prone V-up on TRX, and prone V-up on Power Wheel). The subjects (n = 21) performed an isometric contraction of the abdominal musculature while performing these exercises. Testing revealed no statistically significant differences between any of the exercises with respect to the EOs, the URA, or the LRA. However, when examining the IO muscle, the supine V-up exercise displayed significantly greater muscle activity than did the slide exercise. In addition, EMG activity of the RF during the crunch was significantly less than in any of the other 5 exercises. These results indicate that when performing isometric abdominal exercises, non-equipment-based exercises stressed the abdominal muscles similarly to equipment-based exercises. Based on the findings of the current study, the benefit of training the abdominal musculature in an isometric fashion using commercial equipment could be called into question.

.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an undergraduate adapted ph ysical education course on the attitudes of preservice physical educators toward individuals with disabilities. The participants for this study were 108 students enrolled in undergraduate adapted physical education courses at a faith-based universit y. The Ph ysical Educators Attitude toward Teaching Individuals withDisabilities, third edition pre-and post-intervention was utilized to assess an y changes in the participants' attitudes toward individuals with disabilities.Statisticall y significant differences were found between the participants' pre-and post-intervention attitudinal scores on all measured areas (i.e. emotional disturbance, learning disabled, mild intellectual disabilit y, severe intellectual disabilit y, and total). There were no statisticall y significant differences in attitudinal scores based on the gender of the respondents. There were no statisticall y significant

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