Introduction: The adoption of a sedentary lifestyle is a major contributor to the development of disease as well as to morbidity and mortality rates. People who have high blood pressure can benefit from regular physical activity since it lowers their blood pressure. A lower body fat percentage is connected with a lower risk of developing high blood pressure when engaging in physical activity. There is a clear correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of body fat (BF%) in terms of the resting rate of sympathetic nerve discharge to skeletal muscle. A greater proportion of fat stored in the abdomen, as opposed to the gluteal region, is associated with an increased risk of a variety of health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As a result, the waist-to-hip ratio should be determined in order to conduct an analysis of fat distribution that is separate from an assessment of total obesity. The materials and procedures: Random selection was used to choose from the general population one hundred healthy sedentary volunteers and one hundred healthy non-sedentary subjects. Subjects in the age group (22-55 years) who had a BMI that was greater than 30 (kg/m2) were considered to be obese. Non-obese subjects were defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 17.50 and 25.20 kg/m2 and an age range of 22 to 55 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between healthy sedentary and non-sedentary individuals in terms of parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BF%). The participants ranged in age from 22 to 55 years old, and the correlation between these parameters and blood pressure was determined. Results: The findings showed that sedentary subjects had higher levels of body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage than non-sedentary subjects did, and there was a positive link between these parameters and blood pressure. Conclusion: The conclusion is that a sedentary lifestyle is linked to an increase in Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio, Blood Pressure, as well as Body fat percentage and fat mass. There was a link between BMI, WHR, BF%, and FM and blood pressure that was in the positive. Keywords: Body fat; body mass index; sedentary lifestyle; waist-hip ratio

Background: One of the complications of diabetes is Peripheral neuropathy that becomes the source of frailty and indisposition. Metabolic malfunction is the root cause in diabetes that target nerve damage. Aim: To evaluate electrophysiological case research with respect to effect of diabetics on nerves and to link it along with blood sugar Methods: Assessment of nerves related to of upper limb was carried out for motor nerve by aid of computerized system and surface electrodes in 40 male individuals suffering from type 2 and 40 healthy males. The ulnar and median nerve was selected for case research. Parameters that were being discussed included conduction velocity and distal latency Results: Diabetics have increased distal delay and reduced conduction velocity. These variables were linked to blood sugar levels in diabetics. Conclusions: There is affect to nerves in case of diabetes as shown by poor motor nerve function and depicted via testing electro physiologically. Increase in sugar blood levels is associate with damage to nerves. Keywords: Electrophysiological tests, Conduction velocity, Peripheral neuropathy, Diabetes,

Background: In Pakistan, high rates of gestational diabetes among pregnant women are associated with high rates of infant and mother death. The importance of government and business sector research on GDM management cannot be overstated. T Method: From March 2018 to January 2020, a total of 50 Private and Public hospitals of Punjab were studied in a prospective manner.1500 pregnant women were checked throughout pregnancy Results: Study showed that GDM was discovered in 96 pregnant women. OGTT was performed more frequently in private hospitals than in public hospitals, and pregnant women were tested more frequently in public hospitals than in private hospitals. GDM management necessitates the use of more than just a community health center. Conclusion: There the government should make it a priority to aggressively involve public health facilities in the care of gestational diabetes in pregnant mothers. Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Management, Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of calcium levels, insulin secretion, and insulin action. Diabetes is a non-communicable condition that results in insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance in the body. The question in this case was whether or not vitamin D levels were associated with type 2 diabetes. Aim To determine if vitamin D has an effect on HbA1c levels in people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: In tertiary care, a three-month retrospective investigation was conducted. We looked at FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, and Vitamin D. FBS was the most common. The data were analysed with the help of SPSS version 23. Results: In the study, 65 percent of the 52 patients had vitamin D deficiency, while 26 percent had insufficient vitamin D levels. HbA1c values were higher than 6.5 percent in 77 percent of patients, whereas levels were lower than 6.5 percent in 23 percent of patients. The blood sugar level HbA1c and vitamin D revealed a negative connection. Conclusion: Clearly, vitamin D levels and HbA1c levels are inversely related. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Vit. D,

Background One of the most potent glucocorticoids is known as Dexamethasone. Many metabolic side effect shave been reported on almost every organ after dexamethasone treatment specially its effect on liver. Aim: To investigate harmful side effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on rabbit’s liver that serve as human liver model via using light microscope, by administration of two doses (extreme) and two durations in order to depict the duration as well as dosage dependency. Methods: Liver samples were taken via rabbits who were administered dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Then two Stratas were made namely, 1 and 2. The fixations of liver samples were carried out and underwent into evaluation in order to observe any histochemical and histological alterations. Study duration is from February to May 2021 Rabbits were brought from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore. These Rabbits were kept in cages in the animal house of PGMI, Bird wood road Lahore. Results: The ballooning and vacuolation of hepatic cells were seen in the liver in case of Stratas that were treated along with the degenerative alterations of these cells, congestion and dilatation of central hepatic vein with sinusoidal capillaries, positive periodic acid schiff's stain (PAS) reactions. The severity of all these alterations was dependent upon duration and dosage. Conclusion: Morphological variations induced in the liver by dexamethasone sodium phosphate could be accepted as side effects of these drugs. Keywords: Liver, dexamethasone, histology, glycogen.